NDLI: Improving lookup reliability in Kad

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Liu, Bingshuang Wei, Tao Zhang, Chao Li, Jun Zhang, Jianyu
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Kad is one of the most popular peer-to-peer (P2P) networks deployed on today’s Internet. It provides support for file-sharing applications such as eMule and aMule and serves millions of users. Its reliability impacts not only the availability of file-sharing services, but also the capability of supporting other Internet services. However, in today’s Kad network, its lookup operation’s success ratio is lower than 91 % and not suitable for critical applications. In this paper, we investigate why Kad lookup fails and propose several new solutions. We build a measurement system called Anthill to analyze Kad’s communication process quantitatively, and figure out that the causes of Kad’s lookup failures can be classified into four categories: packet loss, selective Denial of Service nodes, search sequence miss, and publish/search space miss. The first two are due to the environment changes, the third is caused by the detachment of routing operations and content operations in Kad, and the last one shows the limitations of the Kademlia DHT algorithm under Kad’s current configuration. Based on the analysis, we propose corresponding approaches for Kad, including packet-retransmission, neighborhood lookup, and β-adjusting. We have systematically measured the effectiveness and efficiency of these approaches, and then give several recommendations for adoption in different situations. The improved version of Kad can achieve a success ratio of 99.8 % for lookup operations, with only a moderate communication overhead, while its average lookup latency is reduced significantly to only about 1 second. Our work shows that, with proper configurations and improvements, Kad can work much better and is capable of supporting more Internet services.
Starting Page	156
Ending Page	170
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19366442
Journal	Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	19366450
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2013-10-20
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	DHT Kad Lookup reliability Optimization Communications Engineering, Networks Information Systems and Communication Service Computer Communication Networks Signal, Image and Speech Processing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Networks and Communications Software

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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