NDLI: Pattern of functional extinctions in ecological networks with a variety of interaction types

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sellman, Stefan Säterberg, Torbjörn Ebenman, Bo
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	There is a strong trend of declining populations in many species of both animals and plants. Dwindling numbers of species can eventually lead to their functional extinction. Functional, or ecological, extinction occurs when a species becomes too rare to fulfill its ecological, interactive role in the ecosystem, leading to true (numerical) extinction of other depending species. Recent theoretical work on food webs suggests that the frequency of functional extinction might be surprisingly high. However, little is known about the risk of functional species extinctions in networks with other types of interactions than trophic ones. Here, we explore the frequency of functional extinctions in model ecological networks having different proportions of antagonistic and mutualistic links. Furthermore, we investigate the topological relationship between functionally and numerically extinct species. We find that (1) the frequency of functional extinctions is higher in networks containing a mixture of antagonistic and mutualistic interactions than in networks with only one type of interaction, (2) increased mortality rate of species having both mutualistic and antagonistic links is more likely to lead to extinction of another species than to extinction of the species itself compared to species having only mutualistic or antagonistic links, and (3) trophic distance (shortest path) between functionally and numerically extinct species is, on average, longer than one, indicating the importance of indirect effects. These results generalize the findings of an earlier study on food webs, demonstrating the potential importance of functional extinction in a variety of ecological network types.
Starting Page	83
Ending Page	94
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18741738
Journal	Theoretical Ecology
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	18741746
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-09-09
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Functional extinction Declining populations Interaction type Interaction strength Ecological network Theoretical Ecology/Statistics Plant Sciences Zoology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Ecological Modeling

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