NDLI: XCS-SL: a rule-based genetic learning system for sequence labeling

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XCS-SL: a rule-based genetic learning system for sequence labeling

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Nakata, Masaya Kovacs, Tim Takadama, Keiki
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Sequence labeling is an interesting classification domain where, like normal classification, every input has a class label, but unlike normal classification, prediction of an input’s label may depend on the values of other inputs or their classes, and so a learner may need to refer to inputs and classes at different time stamps to classify the current input. This is more difficult because a learner does not know where and how many inputs are needed to classify the current input. Our interest is in learning general rules for sequence labeling. The XCS algorithm is a rule-based knowledge discovery system powered by a genetic algorithm which has often been used for classification. Here we present XCS-SL, an extension of XCS classifier system which can be applicable to sequence labeling. Towards an application of Learning Classifier System (LCS) to sequence labeling, we propose a new classifier condition with memory (called a variable-length condition) and a rule-discovery system for the new classifier condition, which enables XCS to apply it to sequence labeling. In XCS-SL, classification rules (called “classifiers” here) can include extra conditions on previous inputs, which act as memories. In sequence labeling, the number of conditions/memories needed may be different for each input, hence, using a fixed number of conditions (i.e., fixed-length condition) for all classifiers is not a good solution. Instead, XCS-SL classifiers have a variable-length condition to provide more or less memory. The genetic algorithm can grow and shrink conditions to find a suitable memory size. On two synthetic benchmark problems XCS-SL learns optimal classifiers, and on a real-world sequence labeling task it derives high classification accuracy and discovers interesting knowledge that shows dependencies between inputs at different times. The comprehensively described system is the first application of a LCS to sequence labeling and we consider it a promising direction for future work.
Starting Page	133
Ending Page	148
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18645909
Journal	Evolutionary Intelligence
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	2-3
e-ISSN	18645917
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-03-10
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Learning classifier systems XCS Sequence labeling Human-dairy activity recognition ApplicationMathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity Control, Robotics, Mechatronics Bioinformatics Applications of Mathematics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Neuroscience Mathematics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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XCS-SL: a rule-based genetic learning system for sequence labeling