NDLI: Establishment of order in the flow of genetic information in cells

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Bandyopadhyay, Ram S. Faller, Douglas V.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	The activities related to the flow of genetic information encoded in DNA in a cell are very orderly. This order, in a living cell, is achieved through specific, but noncovalent, interactions of varieties of structurally dynamic macromolecules under constantly changing physiological conditions. Hence, it is expected that there should be some force that can stabilize the multicomponent reaction processes and establish (or maintain) order in genetic regulatory functions under far-from-equilibrium conditions. The genetic regulatory functions in a cell, however, are believed to be energetically coupled. Expression of genes in a cell is often modulated under changing environmental conditions, raising the possibility of a state controlled nature of the genetic regulatory functions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the major free-energy contributor for these energy-consuming cellular activities. Enzymatic transfer of high-energy phosphate group from ATP to other reactive components is considered to be the chief mode of energy-transduction in a cell for various biosynthetic processes, as well as other activities related to the flow of information. In an effort to find a solution of the paradox, we assessed the contribution of physiological state of a cell in the process of maintaining order in genetic regulatory functions. AS an approach, we systematically perturbed the normal energy flow of a cellular system (bovine aortic endothelial [BAE] cell) by a protein kinase inhibitor (staurosporine), and then followed the expression patterns of several constitutively-expressed protein-encoding genes to measure the effects. Staurosporine, as a function of its concentration, disintegrated the membrane structure of these cells, and eventually caused their death. These secondary consequences of staurosporine treatment offered two additional grossly altered physiological states of the cell to study. Under all of these dramatically altered energy states of the system, an extreme degree of functional coherence prevailed at every level of genetic regulatory function. Integrity at the level of gene transcription remained unaffected. Degradation rate of specific mRNA remained unaltered. Translational activities involving varieties of mRNA species continued in an well-ordered manner. Other state changes, resulting from nutrient and metabolic starvation, or inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, in addition to the staurosporine treatments, also failed to disintegrate these ordered activities. The steady-state levels of specific mRNA underwent certain changes in these conditions, however, without maintaining any proportional relationships with the staurosporine concentrations applied or the ATP levels in the cell. These results thus led us to propose that the internal energy or a certain intrinsic property of the participating components, rather than the physiological state of the cell, acts as the dominant force in maintaining order and stability of genetic regulatory functions in a cell. Kinetic analyses under different energy states of the cell also supported the hypothesis, and further demonstrated the autoregulatory nature of the genetic order establishment. All of these results suggest a process of molecular self-organization as the fundamental principle for genetic regulation in a cellular system.
Starting Page	35
Ending Page	70
Page Count	36
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10859195
Journal	Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
Volume Number	30
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15590283
Language	English
Publisher	Humana Press
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	Totowa
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Biochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Biotechnology Cell Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Medicine Biochemistry Biophysics

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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