NDLI: Lanthanum Induced Primary Neuronal Apoptosis Through Mitochondrial Dysfunction Modulated by Ca$^{2+}$ and Bcl-2 Family

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wu, Jie Yang, Jinghua Liu, Qiufang Wu, Shengwen Ma, Honglin Cai, Yuan
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	As a representative element of lanthanide, lanthanum has been widely used in various fields and eventually entered environment and accumulated in human body. Epidemiological and experimental evidences indicated that lanthanum has neurotoxicity; however, the detailed mechanism is still elusive. Here, we chose primary cerebral cortical neurons as model in vitro to investigate the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of lanthanum chloride (LaCl$_{3}$). This study revealed the following findings: (1) LaCl$_{3}$ treatment (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mM for 24 h) reduced the viability of cortical neurons and elevated apoptotic rate significantly in a dose-dependent manner. (2) LaCl$_{3}$ triggered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cortical neurons, characterized with collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c into cytosol, and increasing expression of activated caspase-3. (3) LaCl$_{3}$ elevated intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ concentration, promoted reactive oxygen species generation, and upregulated pro-apoptotic Bax, whereas it downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and consequently altered Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which ultimately lead to neuronal mitochondrial apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that toxicity of lanthanum in cortical neurons perhaps partly attributed to enhanced mitochondrial apoptosis due to mitochondrial dysfunction modulated by Ca$^{2+}$ and Bcl-2 family.
Starting Page	125
Ending Page	134
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01634984
Journal	Biological Trace Element Research
Volume Number	152
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15590720
Language	English
Publisher	Humana Press Inc
Publisher Date	2013-01-23
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Lanthanum Cortical neuron Apoptosis Mitochondria Bcl-2 Biochemistry Biotechnology Nutrition Oncology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry (medical) Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry Inorganic Chemistry

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