NDLI: Extraction of Co-Products from Biomass: Example of Thermal Degradation of Silymarin Compounds in Subcritical Water

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Duan, Lijun Wallace, Sunny N. Engelberth, Abigail Lovelady, Justin K. Clausen, Edgar C. King, Jerry W. Carrier, Danielle Julie
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	In an effort to increase revenues from a given feedstock, valuable co-products could be extracted prior to biochemical or thermochemical conversion with subcritical water. Although subcritical water shows significant promise in replacing organic solvents as an extraction solvent, compound degradation has been observed at elevated extraction temperatures. First order thermal degradation kinetics from a model system, silymarin extracted from Silybum marianum, in water at pH 5.1 and 100, 120, 140, and 160 °C were investigated. Water pressure was maintained slightly above its vapor pressure. Silymarin is a mixture of taxifolin, silichristin, silidianin, silibinin, and isosilibinin. The degradation rate constants ranged from 0.0104 min$^{−1}$ at 100 °C for silichristin to a maximum of 0.0840 min$^{−1}$ at 160 °C for silybin B. Half-lives, calculated from the rate constants, ranged from a low of 6.2 min at 160 °C to a high of 58.3 min at 100 °C, both for silichristin. The respective activation energies for the compounds ranged from 37.2 kJ/gmole for silidianin to 45.2 kJ/gmole for silichristin. In extracting the silymarin with pure ethanol at 140 °C, no degradation was observed. However, when extracting with ethanol/water mixtures at and 140 °C, degradation increased exponentially as the concentration of water increased.
Starting Page	362
Ending Page	373
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02732289
Journal	Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Volume Number	158
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15590291
Language	English
Publisher	Humana Press Inc
Publisher Date	2009-03-10
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Extraction Kinetics Silymarin Subcritical water Thermal degradation Biochemistry Biotechnology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Molecular Biology Environmental Engineering Biochemistry Bioengineering Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology

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