NDLI: Energy Consumption in Copper Smelting: A New Asian Horse in the Race

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Coursol, P. Mackey, P. J. Kapusta, J. P. T. Valencia, N. Cardona
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	After a marked improvement in energy consumption in copper smelting during the past few decades, technology development has been slowing down in the Americas and in Europe. Innovation, however, is still required to further reduce energy consumption while complying with stringent environmental regulations. The bottom blowing smelting technology being developed in China shows success and promise. The general configuration of the bath smelting vessel, the design of high-pressure injectors, and the concentrate addition system are described and discussed in this article with respect to those used in other technologies. The bottom blowing technology is shown to be operating at a temperature in the range of 1160–1180°C, which is the lowest reported temperature range for a modern copper smelting process. In this article, it is suggested that top feeding of filter cake concentrate, which is also used in other technologies, has a positive effect in reducing the oxidation potential of the slag (p(O$_{2}$)) while increasing the FeS solubility in slag. This reduction in p(O$_{2}$) lowers the magnetite liquidus of the slag, while the increased solubility of FeS in slag helps toward reaching very low copper levels in flotation slag tailings. The application of high-pressure injectors allows for the use of high levels of oxygen enrichment with no requirements for punching. Using a standard modeling approach from the authors’ previous studies, this article discusses these aspects and compares the energy consumption of the bottom blowing technology with that of other leading flash and bath smelting technologies, namely: flash smelting, Noranda/Teniente Converter, TSL (Isasmelt [Glencore Technology Pty. Ltd., Brisbane, Queensland, Australia]/Outotec), and the Mitsubishi Process (Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
Starting Page	1066
Ending Page	1074
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10474838
Journal	JOM
Volume Number	67
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15431851
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-03-18
Publisher Institution	The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS)
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Engineering Chemistry/Food Science Physics Environment Earth Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Engineering Materials Science

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