NDLI: Effects of elevated CO$_{2}$ and O$_{3}$ on leaf damage and insect abundance in a soybean agroecosystem

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Effects of elevated CO$_{2}$ and O$_{3}$ on leaf damage and insect abundance in a soybean agroecosystem

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Dermody, Orla O’Neill, Bridget F. Zangerl, Arthur R. Berenbaum, May R. DeLucia, Evan H.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	By altering myriad aspects of leaf chemistry, increasing concentrations of CO$_{2}$ and O$_{3}$ in the atmosphere derived from human activities may fundamentally alter the relationships between insect herbivores and plants. Because exposure to elevated CO$_{2}$ can alter the nutritional value of leaves, some herbivores may increase consumption rates to compensate. The effects of O$_{3}$ on leaf nutritional quality are less clear; however, increased senescence may also reduce leaf quality for insect herbivores. Additionally, changes in secondary chemistry and the microclimate of leaves may render plants more susceptible to herbivory in elevated CO$_{2}$ and O$_{3}$. Damage to soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves and the size and composition of the insect community in the plant canopy were examined in large intact plots exposed to elevated CO$_{2}$ (~550 μmol mol$^{−1}$) and elevated O$_{3}$ (1.2*ambient) in a fully factorial design with a Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment system (SoyFACE). Leaf area removed by folivorous insects was estimated by digital photography and insect surveys were conducted during two consecutive growing seasons, 2003 and 2004. Elevated CO$_{2}$ alone and in combination with O$_{3}$ increased the number of insects and the amount of leaf area removed by insect herbivores across feeding guilds. Exposure to elevated CO$_{2}$ significantly increased the number of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera) adults (foliage chewer) and soybean aphids (Aphis glycines; phloem feeder). No consistent effect of elevated O$_{3}$ on herbivory or insect population size was detected. Increased loss of leaf area to herbivores was associated with increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and leaf surface temperature. Soybean aphids are invasive pests in North America and new to this ecosystem. Higher concentrations of CO$_{2}$ in the atmosphere may increase herbivory in the soybean agroecosystem, particularly by recently introduced insect herbivores.
Starting Page	125
Ending Page	135
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18728855
Journal	Arthropod-Plant Interactions
Volume Number	2
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	18728847
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2008-08-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	SoyFACE Non-native pests Leaf quality Herbivory Plant Pathology Behavioural Sciences Ecology Plant Sciences Invertebrates Entomology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science Agronomy and Crop Science

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