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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Buasri, Achanai Lukkanasiri, Methasit Nernrimng, Raviporn Tonseeya, Surachai Rochanakit, Kakphol Wongvitvichot, Wasupon Masa ard, Uraiporn Loryuenyong, Vorrada |
| Copyright Year | 2016 |
| Abstract | We used a microwave heating system to increase Jatropha biodiesel yield, and to reduce both reaction time and energy consumption. The feasibility of converting natural and non-edible feedstocks including arcuate mussel shells and dolomitic rocks, into a novel high-performance, reusable, low-cost and heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel was also explored. Arcuate mussel shells and dolomitic rocks were first ground and calcined at 900 °C for 2 h. After calcination, calcium oxide (CaO) or a mixed oxide of calcium and magnesium (CaO·MgO) was obtained as white powder, which was then chemically activated to improve the physical, chemical and surface properties, and catalytic activities of the catalysts. By heating CaO from waste shells in an excess dehydrated methanol under 65 °C at 8 h with nitrogen (N$_{2}$) flow, calcium methoxide (Ca(OCH$_{3}$)$_{2}$) catalyst was prepared. The CaO from natural rocks was, however, turned into calcium glyceroxide complex, by combining with methanol and glycerol of the by-product. It was determined that calcium glyceroxide (Ca[O(OH)$_{2}$C$_{3}$H$_{5}$]$_{2}$) was formed during the transesterification and acted as the most active phase. Catalyst characterization was by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and basic strength measurements. The reaction parameters, including reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst dosage and catalyst reusability, were studied for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield. The results indicated that Ca(OCH$_{3}$)$_{2}$ and Ca[O(OH)$_{2}$C$_{3}$H$_{5}$]$_{2}$ catalysts derived from waste shells and natural rocks showed good reusability, high energy efficient, environmental-friendly, low cost and facile route for the synthesis of biodiesel. |
| Starting Page | 3388 |
| Ending Page | 3400 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 02561115 |
| Journal | Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering |
| Volume Number | 33 |
| Issue Number | 12 |
| e-ISSN | 19757220 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer US |
| Publisher Date | 2016-09-26 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Biodiesel Jatropha curcas Oil Waste Arcuate Mussel Shell Dolomitic Rock Microwave Heating System Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Catalysis Materials Science Biotechnology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Chemistry Chemical Engineering |
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