NDLI: Formulating middle-phase microemulsions using mixed anionic and cationic surfactant systems

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Doan, T. Acosta, E. Scamehorn, J. F. Sabatini, D. A.
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Although mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants can show great synergism, their potential to precipitate and form liquid crystals has limited their use. Previous studies have shown that alcohol addition can prevent liquid crystal formation, thereby allowing formation of middle-phase microemulsions with mixed anionic-cationic systems. This research investigates the role of surfactant selection in designing alcohol-free anionic-cationic microemulsions. Microemulsion phase behavior was studied for three anionic-cationic surfactant systems and three oils of widely varying hydrophobicity [trichloroethylene (TCE), hexane, and n-hexadecane]. Consistent with our hypothesis, using a branched surfactant and surfactants with varying tail length allowed us to form alcohol-free middle-phase microemulsion using mixed anionic-cationic systems (i.e., liquid crystals did not form). The anionic to cationic molar ratio required to form middle-phase microemulsions approached 1∶1 for univalent surfactants as oil hydrophobicity increased (i.e., TCE to hexane to n-hexadecane); even for these equimolar systems, liquid crystal formation was avoided. To test the use of these anionic-cationic surfactant mixtures in surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation, we performed soil column studies: Greater than 95% of the oil was extracted in 2.5 pore volumes using an anionic-rich surfactant system. By contrast, cationic-rich systems performed very poorly (<1% oil removal), reflecting significant losses of the cationic-rich surfactant system in the porous media. The results thus suggest that, when properly designed, anionic-rich mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants can be efficient for environmental remediation. By corollary, other industrial applications and consumer products should also find these mixtures advantageous.
Starting Page	215
Ending Page	224
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10973958
Journal	Journal of Surfactants and Detergents
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15589293
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2003-01-01
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Anionic cationic microemulsions mixtures surfactant Analytical Chemistry Physical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Surfaces, Coatings and Films Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Chemical Engineering

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