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Giant basal spicule from the deep-sea glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni: synthesis of the largest bio-silica structure on Earth by silicatein

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Giant basal spicule from the deep-sea glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni: synthesis of the largest bio-silica structure on Earth by silicatein

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wang, Xiao hong Zhang, Xue hua Schröder, Heinz C. Müller, Werner E. G.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Like all sponges (phylum Porifera), the glass sponges (Hexactinellida) are provided with an elaborate and distinct body plan, which relies on a filigree skeleton. It is constructed by an array of morphologically determined elements, the spicules. Schulze described the largest siliceous hexactinellid sponge on Earth, the up to 3 m high Monorhaphis chuni, collected during the German Deep Sea Expedition ”Valdivia“ (1898–1899). This species develops an equally large bio-silica structure, the giant basal spicule (3 m × 10 mm). Using these spicules as a model, one can obtain the basic knowledge on the morphology, formation, and development of silica skeletal elements. The silica matrix is composed of almost pure silica, endowing it with unusual optophysical properties, which are superior to those of man-made waveguides. Experiments suggest that the spicules function in vivo as a nonocular photoreception system. The spicules are also provided with exceptional mechanical properties. Like demosponges, the hexactinellids synthesize their silica enzymatically via the enzyme silicatein (27 kDa protein). This enzyme is located in/embedded in the silica layers. This knowledge will surely contribute to a further utilization and exploration of silica in biomaterial/biomedical science.
Starting Page	226
Ending Page	240
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	16737377
Journal	Frontiers of Materials Science in China
Volume Number	3
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	16737482
Language	English
Publisher	SP Higher Education Press
Publisher Date	2009-06-27
Publisher Institution	Chinese Universities
Publisher Place	Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	sponge Porifera Hexactinellida spicule giant basal spicule silicatein biomaterial science Materials Science
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Materials Science

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Giant basal spicule from the deep-sea glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni : synthesis of the largest bio-silica structure on Earth by silicatein

The Largest Bio-Silica Structure on Earth: The Giant Basal Spicule from the Deep-Sea Glass Sponge Monorhaphis chuni

The largest Bio-Silica Structure on Earth: The Giant Basal Spicule from the Deep-Sea Glass Sponge Monorhaphis chuni

Formation of giant spicules in the deep-sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis chuni (Schulze 1904): electron-microscopic and biochemical studies

Insights into the structure and morphogenesis of the giant basal spicule of the glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni

Formation of giant spicules in the deep-sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis chuni (Schulze 1904): electron-microscopic and biochemical studies

Identification of a silicatein(-related) protease in the giant spicules of the deep-sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis chuni.

A new genus and species of deep-sea glass sponge (Porifera, Hexactinellida, Aulocalycidae) from the Indian Ocean

Occurrence of a Silicatein Gene in Glass Sponges (Hexactinellida: Porifera)

Giant basal spicule from the deep-sea glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni: synthesis of the largest bio-silica structure on Earth by silicatein

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