NDLI: Bridging “Romer’s Gap”: Limb Mechanics of an Extant Belly-Dragging Lizard Inform Debate on Tetrapod Locomotion During the Early Carboniferous

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Erratum to: Bridging “Romer’s Gap”: Limb Mechanics of an Extant Belly-Dragging Lizard Inform Debate on Tetrapod Locomotion During the Early Carboniferous

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Evolutionary Biology : Volume 41, Issue 1, March 2014

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Bridging “Romer’s Gap”: Limb Mechanics of an Extant Belly-Dragging Lizard Inform Debate on Tetrapod Locomotion During the Early Carboniferous

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Nyakatura, John A. Andrada, Emanuel Curth, Stefan Fischer, Martin S.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Devonian stem tetrapods are thought to have used ‘crutching’ on land, a belly-dragging form of synchronous forelimb action-powered locomotion. During the Early Carboniferous, early tetrapods underwent rapid radiation, and the terrestrial locomotion of crown-group node tetrapods is believed to have been hindlimb-powered and ‘raised’, involving symmetrical gaits similar to those used by modern salamanders. The fossil record over this period of evolutionary transition is remarkably poor (Romer’s Gap), but we hypothesize a phase of belly-dragging sprawling locomotion combined with symmetrical gaits. Since belly-dragging sprawling locomotion has differing functional demands from ‘raised’ sprawling locomotion, we studied the limb mechanics of the extant belly-dragging blue-tongued skink. We used X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology to quantify the three-dimensional kinematic components, and simultaneously recorded single limb substrate reaction forces (SRF) in order to calculate SRF moment arms and the external moments acting on the proximal limb joints. In the hindlimbs, stylopodal long-axis rotation is more emphasized than in the forelimbs, and much greater vertical and propulsive forces are exerted. The SRF moment arm acting on the shoulder is at a local minimum at the instant of peak force. The hindlimbs display patterns that more closely resemble ‘raised’ sprawling species. External moment at the shoulder of the skink is smaller than in ‘raised’ sprawlers. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which the locomotor mechanics of belly-dragging early tetrapods were gradually modified towards hindlimb-powered, raised terrestrial locomotion with symmetrical gait. In accordance with the view that limb evolution was an exaptation for terrestrial locomotion, the kinematic pattern of the limbs for the generation of propulsion preceded, in our scenario, the evolution of permanent body weight support.
Starting Page	175
Ending Page	190
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00713260
Journal	Evolutionary Biology
Volume Number	41
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	19342845
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2013-12-13
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Tiliqua scincoides XROMM X-ray motion analysis Substrate reaction force Moment arm External moment Belly-dragging Early tetrapods Evolutionary Biology Ecology Developmental Biology Human Genetics Animal Genetics and Genomics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Erratum to: Bridging “Romer’s Gap”: Limb Mechanics of an Extant Belly-Dragging Lizard Inform Debate on Tetrapod Locomotion During the Early Carboniferous

Erratum to: Bridging “Romer’s Gap”: Limb Mechanics of an Extant Belly-Dragging Lizard Inform Debate on Tetrapod Locomotion During the Early Carboniferous

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Bridging “Romer’s Gap”: Limb Mechanics of an Extant Belly-Dragging Lizard Inform Debate on Tetrapod Locomotion During the Early Carboniferous

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Erratum to: Bridging “Romer’s Gap”: Limb Mechanics of an Extant Belly-Dragging Lizard Inform Debate on Tetrapod Locomotion During the Early Carboniferous

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Bridging “Romer’s Gap”: Limb Mechanics of an Extant Belly-Dragging Lizard Inform Debate on Tetrapod Locomotion During the Early Carboniferous