NDLI: Migration, Formation, and Growth of Pure Cd Whiskers in Cd-Based Compounds

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wu, D. Lograsso, T.A. Anderegg, J.W.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	The migration, formation, and growth of Cd islands and long whiskers were studied in single crystals of Cd$_{84}$Yb$_{16}$, Cd$_{51}$Yb$_{14}$, and Cd$_{17}$Ca$_{3}$ and polycrystals of Cd$_{85}$Ni$_{15}$ and high-purity Cd. It was found that Cd moves rapidly to the sample surface in quasi-crystal Cd$_{84}$Yb$_{16}$, forming islands in less than 2 h. The Cd whiskers that have submicron diameters and lengths of several hundred microns to millimeters can grow in several days under high vacuum. Evidence was presented to demonstrate that the whiskers grow from the base instead of the tip. While whiskers are easily observed in hex-CdYb, i-CdYb, and CdCa single crystals, no Cd whisker formation or migration of any kind was present on the surfaces of Cd$_{85}$Ni$_{15 }$and pure Cd samples, subjected to similar environmental conditions for even longer durations. This result suggests that oxidation of the reactive element is essential for the enhanced whisker growth kinetics observed. Because Cd islands and whiskers grow spontaneously in a matter of hours instead of months required for tin or zinc whiskers, CdYb alloys would be good candidates for detailed whisker formation and growth mechanisms studies.
Starting Page	555
Ending Page	561
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03615235
Journal	Journal of Electronic Materials
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	1543186X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2007-04-19
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Metal whiskers quasi-crystal cadmium Solid State Physics and Spectroscopy Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Optical and Electronic Materials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Materials Chemistry Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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