NDLI: Physical modelling and scale effects of air-water flows on stepped spillways

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Chanson, Hubert Gonzalez, Carlos A.
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	During the last three decades, the introduction of new construction materials (e.g. RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete), strengthened gabions) has increased the interest for stepped channels and spillways. However stepped chute hydraulics is not simple, because of different flow regimes and importantly because of very-strong interactions between entrained air and turbulence. In this study, new air-water flow measurements were conducted in two large-size stepped chute facilities with two step heights in each facility to study experimental distortion caused by scale effects and the soundness of result extrapolation to prototypes. Experimental data included distributions of air concentration, air-water flow velocity, bubble frequency, bubble chord length and air-water flow turbulence intensity. For a Froude similitude, the results implied that scale effects were observed in both facilities, although the geometric scaling ratio was onlyL $_{ r }$=2 in each case. The selection of the criterion for scale effects is a critical issue. For example, major differences (i.e. scale effects) were observed in terms of bubble chord sizes and turbulence levels although little scale effects were seen in terms of void fraction and velocity distributions. Overall the findings emphasize that physical modelling of stepped chutes based upon a Froude similitude is more sensitive to scale effects than classical smooth-invert chute studies, and this is consistent with basic dimensional analysis developed herein.
Starting Page	243
Ending Page	250
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1673565X
Journal	Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	18621775
Language	English
Publisher	Zhejiang University Press
Publisher Date	2005-03-01
Publisher Place	Hangzhou
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Physical modelling Scale effects Stepped spillways Air entrainment Air-water flow measurements Mechanical Engineering Civil Engineering Classical Continuum Physics Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Engineering

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