NDLI: Physicochemical properties of LiAl$_{ x }$Mn$_{2 − x }$O$_{4}$ and LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{4 − y }$F$_{ y }$ cathode material by the citric acid-assisted sol

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Yi, Ting Feng Zhu, Yan Rong Zhu, Rong Sun Zhou, Li Li, Peng Shu, Jie
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	LiAl$_{ x }$Mn$_{2 − x }$O$_{4}$ and LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{4 − y }$F$_{ y }$ spinel have been successfully synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol–gel method. The structure and physicochemical properties of this as-prepared powder were investigated by electronic conductivity test, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge–discharge test in detail. The electronic conductivity decreases with increasing of the content of doped Al. XRD patterns show that the diffraction of LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{4 − y }$F$_{ y }$ samples is similar, with all the peaks indexable in the Fd3m space group, and a little impurity appears in the LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{3.8}$F$_{0.2}$ sample. SEM reveals that all LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{4 − y }$F$_{ y }$ powders have the uniform, nearly cubic structure morphology with narrow size distribution which is less than 500 nm. Galvanostatic charge–discharge test indicates that LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{4}$ has the highest discharge capacity and electrochemical performance among all LiAl$_{ x }$Mn$_{2 − x }$O$_{4}$ samples after 50 cycles, and the initial discharge capacity of LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{4 − y }$F$_{ y }$ (y = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1) is 123.9, 124.6, 124.9, and 125.0 mAh g$^{−1}$, respectively, and their capacity retention ratios are 94.2%, 94.9%, 91.7%, and 89.9% after 50 cycles, respectively. EIS indicates that LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{3.98}$F$_{0.02}$ have smaller charge transfer resistance than that of LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{4}$ corresponding to the extraction of Li$^{+}$ ions.
Starting Page	177
Ending Page	182
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09477047
Journal	Ionics
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	18620760
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-07-10
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Lithium ion battery Cathode material LiAl$_{ x }$Mn$_{2 − x }$O$_{4}$ LiAl$_{0.05}$Mn$_{1.95}$O$_{4 − y }$F$_{ y }$ Physicochemical properties Condensed Matter Optical and Electronic Materials Renewable and Green Energy Electrochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physics and Astronomy Engineering Materials Science Chemical Engineering

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