NDLI: The Comorbidity of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Foreseeable Medical Challenge in Post-HAART Era

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The Comorbidity of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Foreseeable Medical Challenge in Post-HAART Era

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Xu, Jiqing Ikezu, Tsuneya
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Although the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a strong reduction of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) incidence, the prevalence of minor HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is rising among AIDS patients. HAART medication has shifted neuropathology from a subacute encephalitic condition to a subtle neurodegenerative process involving synaptic and dendritic degeneration, particularly of hippocampal neurons that are spared prior to HAART medication. Considerable neuroinflammation coupled with mononuclear phagocyte activation is present in HAART-medicated brains, particularly in the hippocampus. Accumulating evidence suggests that the resultant elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β can increase amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) generation and reduce Aβ clearance. Recent advancements in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research identified Aβ biogenesis and clearance venues that are potentially influenced by HIV viral infection, providing new insights into beta-amyloidosis segregation in HIV patients. Our study suggests enhanced beta-amyloidosis in ART-treated HAD and HIV-associated encephalitis brains and suppression of Aβ clearance by viral infection of human primary macrophages. A growing awareness of potential convergent mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration shared by HIV and Aβ points to a significant chance of comorbidity of AD and HAND in senile HIV patients, which calls for a need of basic studies.
Starting Page	200
Ending Page	212
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15571890
Journal	Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15571904
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2008-11-19
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β peptide cytokines human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) macrophage microglia microtubule-associated protein tau neurodegeneration neurofibrillary tangle neurotoxicity Cell Biology Virology Pharmacology/Toxicology Immunology Neurosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Immunology and Allergy Pharmacology Immunology

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