NDLI: Low-Dose Memantine Attenuated Morphine Addictive Behavior Through its Anti-Inflammation and Neurotrophic Effects in Rats

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Chen, Shiou Lan Tao, Pao Luh Chu, Chun Hsien Chen, Shih Heng Wu, Hsiang En Tseng, Leon F. Hong, Jau Shyong Lu, Ru Band
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Opioid abuse and dependency are international problems. Studies have shown that neuronal inflammation and degeneration might be related to the development of opioid addiction. Thus, using neuroprotective agents might be beneficial for treating opioid addiction. Memantine, an Alzheimer’s disease medication, has neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated whether a low dose of memantine prevents opioid-induced drug-seeking behavior in rats and analyzed its mechanism. A conditioned-place-preference test was used to investigate the morphine-induced drug-seeking behaviors in rats. We found that a low-dose (0.2–1 mg/kg) of subcutaneous memantine significantly attenuated the chronic morphine-induced place-preference in rats. To clarify the effects of chronic morphine and low-dose memantine, serum and brain levels of cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured. After 6 days of morphine treatment, cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6) levels had significantly increased in serum; IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels had significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex, both addiction-related brain areas; and BDNF levels had significantly decreased, both in serum and in addiction-related brain areas. Pretreatment with low-dose memantine significantly attenuated chronic morphine-induced increases in serum and brain cytokines. Low-dose memantine also significantly potentiated serum and brain BDNF levels. We hypothesize that neuronal inflammation and BDNF downregulation are related to the progression of opioid addiction. We hypothesize that the mechanism low-dose memantine uses to attenuate morphine-induced addiction behavior is its anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects.
Starting Page	444
Ending Page	453
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15571890
Journal	Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
Volume Number	7
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15571904
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2011-12-29
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Addiction BDNF Cytokine Memantine Morphine Virology Pharmacology/Toxicology Cell Biology Immunology Neurosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Immunology and Allergy Pharmacology Immunology

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