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Biophysics : Volume 55, Issue 1, February 2010

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Biophysics of nerve excitation

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kols, O. R. Maksimov, G. V.
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Experimental studies testifying to the presence of an interrelation between the physiological functions of the organism and physical and chemical processes in nerves are discussed. Changes in some physical and chemical parameters observed both upon elicited rhythmic excitation of nerves and during the spontaneous rhythmic activity of neurons are analyzed. Upon rhythmic excitation, a complex of physical and chemical processes is triggered, and reversible structural and metabolic rearrangements at the subcellular and molecular levels occur that do not take place during the generation of a single action potential. Thus, only in conditions of rhythmic excitation of a nerve, it is possible to reveal those processes that provide excitation of nerves in the organism. The future possibilities of the investigations combining the biophysical and physiological approaches are substantiated. Characteristic changes in physicochemical parameters are observed in nerves during the generation of a series of action potentials of different frequency and duration (“frequency dependence”) under normal physiological conditions, as well as in extreme situations and in nerve pathology. The structural and metabolic rearrangements are directly related to the mode of rhythmic excitation and proceed both in the course of rhythmic excitation and after its termination. Shown also is participation of the basic components of the nervous trunk (axon, Schwann cell, myelin, subcellular organelles) in the realization of rhythmic excitation. In the coordination of all processes involved in rhythmic excitation, the main role is played by the systems of redistribution and transport of intercellular and intracellular calcium. The idea is put forward that myelin of nerve fibers is not only an insulator, but also an “intercellular depot” of calcium and participates in the redistribution of different ions. Thus, the rhythmic excitation is of great importance in the realization of some physiological functions, the adaptation to changing conditions, the liquidation of consequences of paralogical processes, the formation of mechanisms of “memory,” etc.
Starting Page	246
Ending Page	253
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00063509
Journal	Biophysics
Volume Number	55
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15556654
Language	English
Publisher	SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica
Publisher Date	2010-08-13
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	nerve rhythmic excitation action potential Biophysics and Biological Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biophysics

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