NDLI: Bioaccumulation and toxicity of lead, influenced by edaphic factors: using earthworms to study the effect of Pb on ecological health

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wijayawardena, M. A. Ayanka Megharaj, Mallavarapu Naidu, Ravi
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Lead (Pb) is a highly studied contaminant with no known biological function that causes harmful adverse effects on ecological and human health. We tried to evaluate how protective the current soil regulatory levels are for Pb towards safeguarding the ecological health. In order to achieve this, our study evaluated the effect of soil texture and pH on the toxicity and availability of lead to earthworms in soils varying in soil properties.The earthworm Eisenia fetida was exposed to Pb in three soils with different physico-chemical characteristics. Pb solutions were homogenously mixed with soil to obtain concentrations ranging from 0 to 10,000 mg/kg Pb dry soil. Avoidance behaviour, weight loss and mortality were measured in this study to calculate the EC$_{50}$ and LC$_{50}$ values.Weight loss and mortality in earthworms due to Pb toxicity were in the following order: acidic > neutral > alkaline soil. The EC$_{50}$ values resulting in 50% decrease in worm weight over control for Pb in acidic, neutral and alkaline soils were 460, 3606 and 5753 mg/kg soil, respectively. Thus, the acidic soil recorded an EC$_{50}$ well below the soil guideline value for Pb. Whereas, the LC$_{50}$ values resulting in 50% mortality in worms over control were 1161, 4648 and 7851 mg/kg, respectively, for acidic, neutral and alkaline soils. The Pb concentrations in earthworms ranged from 0.2 to 740 mg/kg wet weight. Soils with low clay content and acidic to neutral pH values demonstrated an increased Pb toxicity in earthworms compared to the soils with alkaline pH.The worm weight loss is a more sensitive parameter than the mortality. This study emphasizes that the soil regulatory levels for Pb are not protective of worms in acidic soils. Therefore, care should be taken when using the current regulatory limits to assess and predict the safety of a contaminated site with acidic soils towards the ecological health.
Starting Page	1064
Ending Page	1072
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14390108
Journal	Journal of Soils and Sediments
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	16147480
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-11-22
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Bioaccumulation Earthworm Lead Soil guideline value Toxicity Soil Science & Conservation Environment Environmental Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Stratigraphy Earth-Surface Processes

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