NDLI: Life cycle assessment of a pyrolysis/gasification plant for hazardous paint waste

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Saft, Robert Jan
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) remains an important tool in Dutch waste management policies. In 2002 the new National Waste Management Plan 2002–2012 (NWMP) became effective. It was supported by some 150 LCA studies for more than 20 different waste streams. The LCA results provided a benchmark level for new waste management technologies. Although not new, operational techniques using combined pyrolysis/gasification are still fairly rare in Europe. The goal of this study is to determine the environmental performance of the only full scale pyrolysis/gasification plant in the Netherlands and to compare it with more conventional techniques such as incineration. The results of the study support the process of obtaining environmental permits.In this study we used an impact assessment method based on the guidelines described by the Centre of Environmental Science (CML) of Leiden University. The functional unit is defined as treatment of 1 ton of collected hazardous waste (paint packaging waste). Similar to the NWMP, not only normalized scores are presented but also 7 aggegated scores. All interventions from the foreground process (land use, emissions, final waste) are derived directly from the site with the exception of emissions to soil which were calculated. Interventions are accounted to each of the different waste streams by physical relations.Data from background processes are taken from the IVAM LCA database 4.0 mostly originating from the Swiss ETH96 database and adapted to the Dutch situation. Allocation was avoided by using system enlargement. The study has been peer reviewed by an external expert.It was possible to determine an environmental performance for the pyrolysis/ gasification of paint packaging waste. The Life Cycle Inventory was mainly hampered by the uncertainty occurred with estimated air emissions. Here several assumptions had to be made because several waste inputs and two waste treatment installations profit from one flue gas cleaning treatment thus making it difficult to allocate the emission values from the flue gasses.Compared to incineration in a rotary kiln, pyrolysis/gasification of hazardous waste showed better scores for most of the considered impact categories. Only for the impact categories biodiversity and life support the incineration option proved favorable due to a lower land use.Several impact categories had significant influence on the conclusions: acidification, global warming potential, human toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The first three are related to a better energy efficiency for pyrolysis/gasification leading to less fossil energy consumption. Terrestrial ecotoxicity in this case is related to specific emissions of mercury and chromium (III).A sensitivity analysis has been performed as well. It was found that the environmental performance of the gasification technique is sensitive to the energy efficiency that can be reached as well as the choice for the avoided fossil energy source. In this study a conservative choice for diesel oil was made whereas a choice for heavy or light fuel oil would further improve the environmental profile.Gasification of hazardous waste has a better environmental performance compared to the traditional incineration in rotary kilns mainly due to the high energy efficiency. As was determined by sensitivity analysis the differences in environmental performance are significant. Improvement options for a better performance are a decrease of process emissions (especially mercury) and a further improvement of the energy balance by decreasing the electricity consumption for shredders and oxygen consumption or making more use of green electricity.Although the life cycle inventory was sufficiently complete, still some assumptions had to be made in order to establish sound mass balances on the level of individual components and substances. The data on input of waste and output of emissions and final waste were not compatible. It was recommended that companies put more emphasis on data storage accounted to particular waste streams. This is even more relevant since more companies in the future are expected to include life cycle impacts in their environmental performance.
Starting Page	230
Ending Page	238
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09483349
Journal	The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
Volume Number	12
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	16147502
Language	English
Publisher	Ecomed
Publisher Date	2007-05-07
Publisher Place	Landsberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Avoided burden hazardous waste life cycle assessment paint waste pyrolysis/gasification waste management Environment Environmental Economics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Science

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Life Cycle Assessments for Waste, Part III: The Case of Paint Packaging Separation and General Conclusions : Strategic EIA for the Dutch National Hazardous Waste Management Plan 1997–2007

Comparative life cycle assessment of smartphone reuse: repurposing vs. refurbishment

Life cycle assessments for waste, part I: Overview, methodology and scoping process : Strategic EIA for the dutch national hazardous waste management plan 1997–2007

A comparison of thermal treatment processes for hazardous waste : Strategic EIA for the dutch national hazardous waste management plan 1997–2007

Life cycle environmental assessment of industrial hazardous waste incineration and landfilling in China

A life cycle assessment of residential waste management and prevention

Supporting environmentally sound decisions for waste management with LCT and LCA

Improving the environmental performance of bio-waste management with life cycle thinking (LCT) and life cycle assessment (LCA)

EASEWASTE—life cycle modeling capabilities for waste management technologies

Life cycle assessment of a pyrolysis/gasification plant for hazardous paint waste

Similar Documents

Life Cycle Assessments for Waste, Part III: The Case of Paint Packaging Separation and General Conclusions : Strategic EIA for the Dutch National Hazardous Waste Management Plan 1997–2007

Comparative life cycle assessment of smartphone reuse: repurposing vs. refurbishment

Life cycle assessments for waste, part I: Overview, methodology and scoping process : Strategic EIA for the dutch national hazardous waste management plan 1997–2007

A comparison of thermal treatment processes for hazardous waste : Strategic EIA for the dutch national hazardous waste management plan 1997–2007

Life cycle environmental assessment of industrial hazardous waste incineration and landfilling in China

A life cycle assessment of residential waste management and prevention

Supporting environmentally sound decisions for waste management with LCT and LCA

Improving the environmental performance of bio-waste management with life cycle thinking (LCT) and life cycle assessment (LCA)

EASEWASTE—life cycle modeling capabilities for waste management technologies

Life cycle assessment of a pyrolysis/gasification plant for hazardous paint waste