NDLI: Resonance Raman imaging as a tool to assess the atmospheric pollution level: carotenoids in Lecanoraceae lichens as bioindicators

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ibarrondo, I. Prieto Taboada, N. Martínez Arkarazo, I. Madariaga, J. M.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Raman spectroscopy differentiation of carotenoids has traditionally been based on the ν $_{1}$ position (C = C stretching vibrations in the polyene chain) in the 1500–1600 cm$^{−1}$ range, using a 785 nm excitation laser. However, when the number of conjugated double bonds is similar, as in the cases of zeaxanthin and β-carotene, this distinction is still ambiguous due to the closeness of the Raman bands. This work shows the Raman results, obtained in resonance conditions using a 514 mm laser, on Lecanora campestris and Lecanora atra species, which can be used to differentiate and consequently characterize carotenoids. The presence of the carotenoid found in Lecanoraceae lichens has been demonstrated to depend on the atmospheric pollution level of the environment they inhabit. Astaxanthin, a superb antioxidant, appears as the principal xanthophyll in highly polluted sites, usually together with the UV screening pigment scytonemin; zeaxanthin is the major carotenoid in medium polluted environments, while β-carotene is the major carotenoid in cleaner environments. Based on these observations, an indirect classification of the stress suffered in a given environment can be assessed by simply analysing the carotenoid content in the Lecanoraceae lichens by using resonance Raman imaging.
Starting Page	6390
Ending Page	6399
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-12-01
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Lecanoraceae lichens Raman imaging Environmental conditions Carotenoids Bioindication Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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