NDLI: Estimation of long-term Ca$^{2+}$ loss through outlet flow from an agricultural watershed and the influencing factors

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Zhang, Wenzhao Yin, Chunmei Chen, Chunlan Chen, Anlei Xie, Xiaoli Fu, Xingan Hou, Haijun Wei, Wenxue
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Soil Ca$^{2+}$ loss from agricultural lands through surface runoff can accelerate soil acidification and render soil degradation, but the characteristics of Ca$^{2+}$ loss and influencing factors in watershed scale are unclear. This study was carried out in a watershed with various land uses in a subtropical region of China. The outlet flow was automatically monitored every 5 min all year round, and the water samples were collected twice a year from 2001 to 2011. The concentrations of Ca$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$, K$^{+}$, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) of water samples were measured. The dynamic losses of the nutrients through the outlet flow were estimated, and the relationships between the nutrient losses and rainfall intensity as well as antecedent soil moisture were investigated. The results showed that great variations of nutrient concentrations and losses appeared during the investigation period. The average concentrations of Ca$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$, K$^{+}$, TN, and TP were 0.43, 0.08, 0.10, 0.19, and 0.003 mmol L$^{−1}$, respectively. The average Ca$^{2+}$ loss reached 1493.79 mol ha$^{−1}$ year$^{−1}$ and was several times higher than for Mg$^{2+}$, K$^{+}$, and TN, about 140 times higher than for TP. Rainfall intensity had remarkable effects on Ca$^{2+}$ concentration (P < 0.01) and loss (P < 0.05) when it reached rainstorm level (50 mm day$^{−1}$), while a quadratic relationship was observed between antecedent soil moisture and Ca$^{2+}$ concentration only when rainfall intensity was less than 50 mm day$^{−1}$. In a word, much greater amounts of Ca$^{2+}$ were lost from the watershed, and this may be one important contributor to the increasing acidification of acidic soils in subtropical regions.
Starting Page	10911
Ending Page	10921
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	11
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-02-22
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Ca$^{2+}$ loss Ca$^{2+}$ concentration Agricultural watershed Surface runoff Rainfall intensity Antecedent soil moisture Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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