NDLI: Changes in water-extractability of soil inorganic phosphate induced by chloride and sulfate salts

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ahmad, Zahoor El Sharkawi, Haytham Irshad, Muhammad Honna, Toshimasa Yamamoto, Sadahiro Al Busaidi, Ahmed Salim
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	One of the principal experimental variables which effect the results of phosphorus (P) sorption studies is the ionic composition, in addition to both species and concentrations of the contacting solution. In spite of the realization that ionic species, concentrations and their compositions effect P sorption and/or desorption, most of the salt-related studies are confined to Cl$^{−}$ (anion) in association with different cations. While the knowledge about the comparative response of P to Cl$^{−}$ and SO 4 2− ions was lacking, the current study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effects of anions (in association with cations) on inorganic P release and P fractions in the soil.The test soil was amended with livestock compost manure (OP); KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$ (IPk) or Ca(H$_{2}$PO$_{4}$)$_{2}$ (IPc) at a rate of 1ppm. Soil was subjected to one salt and nine subsequent water extractions and different P fractions were measured. Four salt types, NaCl, Na$_{2}$SO$_{4}$, KCl and K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$, were used at levels of 0.5 M.Irrespective of P sources, P release was substantially increased in the salt-pretreated soil as compared to the non-saline soil. Sulfate salts released more P in subsequent water extractions than Cl$^{−}$. Phosphorus release decreased for salt types with Na$_{2}$SO$_{4}$> NaCl> K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$> KCl and for P sources with OP ∼IPk > Control (without P application) > IPc, respectively.No previous study was found to compare the results of more P release by SO 4 2− than Cl$^{−}$ salt. Most of the previous studies focused on anion sorption capacities, but the mechanism for their adsorption is not fully known. Most of the authors suggested that the mechanisms of SO 4 2− and PO 4 3− adsorption are similar, and that both ions compete for the same sorption sites (Kamprath et al. 1956, Couto et al. 1979, Pasricha and Fox 1993). Although adsorbed SO 4 2− does not compete strongly with PO 4 3− , there is likely to be some competition for sorption between these anions which may cause comparatively more P release by SO 4 2− than Cl-salts. Higher P release by Nasaturation could be due to the release of P associated with oxide surfaces or due to dissolution of Ca-P phases (Curtin et al. 1987).Study clearly showed that not only cations species differ for P desorption capacity, but associated anions also play a vital role in the fate of P under saline environments. Synergetic effects exist between Na and SO 4 2− ions which enhanced the P release. This study has also confirmed the fact that P from organic sources is available as well as from inorganic P sources. However, P release depends more on the type of P source applied than on total P.It is highly recommended that more than one anion species must be used in the research plans for evaluating the P response in a saline environment. The results have important implications from the point of view of research, as most of the researchers focus on different cations only for evaluating P response to salts from an environmental point of view. However, our study has made it clear that anions in association with cations differed for their effects on P release.
Starting Page	23
Ending Page	26
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Ecomed
Publisher Date	2006-06-04
Publisher Place	Landsberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Chloride salts inorganic phosphate phosphorus extractability phosphorus sorption/desorption phosphorus sources sulfate salts water extractability of soil inorganic phosphate Environment Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Industrial Pollution Prevention
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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