NDLI: Exposure assessment of pesticides in a shallow groundwater of the Tagus vulnerable zone (Portugal): a multivariate statistical approach (JCA)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Silva, Emília Mendes, Maria Paula Ribeiro, Luís Cerejeira, Maria José
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	To assess groundwater exposure to pesticides, in agricultural areas of ‘Ribatejo’ region (Portugal), and the influence of some key factors in that exposure, field, laboratory and modelling studies were carried out.The study was performed in maize, potato, sugar beet, tomato and vegetables agricultural areas, located in a shallow aquifer, with pesticides use and, in most cases, with irrigation practices. Pesticides used in the studied agricultural areas and having leaching potential were selected, being considered also other pesticides included in priority lists, defined in Europe. Evaluation of groundwater exposure to pesticides was carried out by successively: (1) groundwater sampling in seven campaigns over the period 2004–2006; (2) pesticide analysis [including isolation and concentration from the groundwater samples and further determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of 14 herbicides, four insecticides and two metabolites]; and (3) analysis and discussion of the results by applying joint correspondence analysis (JCA).From the 20 pesticides and metabolites selected for the study, 11 were found in groundwater. Pesticides and metabolites most frequently detected were atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, desethylatrazine, ethofumesate, α-endosulfan, metribuzine, lindane and β-endosulfan. The results showed that groundwater exposure to pesticides is influenced by local factors—either environmental or agricultural, as precipitation, soil, geology, crops and irrigation practices. Spring and autumn were more associated with the detection of pesticides being more likely to observe mixtures of these compounds in a groundwater sample in these transition seasons.This work evidences the importance of models, which evaluate pesticides environmental behaviour, namely their water contamination potential (as Mackay multicompartimental fugacity model) and, specially, groundwater contamination potential (as GUS and Bacci and Gaggi leaching indices), in pesticide selection. Moreover, it reveals the importance to adapt proper statistical methods according to level of left-censored data. Using JCA was still possible to establish relations between pesticides and their temporal trend in a case study where there were more than 80% of data censored. This study will contribute to the Tagus river basin management plan with information on the patterns of pesticide occurrence in the alluvial aquifer system.
Starting Page	2667
Ending Page	2680
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2012-02-04
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Exposure Pesticides Groundwater Tagus vulnerable zone (TVZ) Joint correspondence analysis (JCA) Environment Analytical Chemistry Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Industrial Pollution Prevention
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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