NDLI: Water-soluble ions and carbon content of size-segregated aerosols in New Delhi, India: direct and indirect influences of firework displays

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kumar, Pawan Kumar, Rakesh Yadav, Sudesh
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	The particle size distribution and water-soluble inorganic ion (WSII) and carbonaceous species in size-segregated aerosols, Dp < 0.95, 0.95 < Dp < 1.5, 1.5 < Dp < 3.0, 3.0 < Dp < 7.2, and 7.2 < Dp < 10 μm, were investigated during Diwali firework displays in New Delhi, India. The firework activity had the maximum contribution to the mass loading of PM$_{0.95}$ (786 μg/m$^{3}$) followed by PM$_{0.95–1.5}$ (216 μg/m$^{3}$) with all other three fractions accounting to a total of 214 μg/m$^{3}$. The percentage contributions of WSII to the total mass of aerosols were highest in first two size fractions (39 and 40 %, respectively), compared to other fractions. The firework marker ion (Mg$^{2+}$, Cl$^{−}$, and K$^{+}$) mass concentration shows higher values in PM$_{0.95}$ during Diwali compared to before Diwali period. The mass size distribution of particles, NH$_{4}$ $^{+}$, K$^{+}$, Cl$^{−}$, SO$_{4}$ $^{2−}$, Mg$^{2+}$, and NO$_{3}$ $^{−}$, also showed changes on the Diwali night compared to previous and after days. The high Cl$^{−}$/Na$^{+}$ (5.6) and OC/EC (3.4) ratio of PM$_{0.95}$ can be used as the indicators of firework displays. The lowering of mixing height on Diwali night to 50 m compared to before (277 mts) and after (269 mts) Diwali period further concentrated the aerosols in ambient atmosphere. Therefore, the firework display not only released the gaseous or elemental constituent but also influenced the temperature profile and both put together result in high aerosol concentrations, WSII, OC, and BC contents in ambient atmosphere. The alveolar, respirable, and inhalable fractions accounted for 64.6, 90.8, and 97.8 %, respectively, of the total PM$_{10}$ mass. People stay exposed to such high pollution level in short span of 6–8 h and experience adverse health impacts due to high mass concentrations and the chemical components of fine aerosols.
Starting Page	20749
Ending Page	20760
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	20
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-07-30
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Firework displays Ions Mixing height Size-segregated aerosols Carbonaceous aerosols Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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