NDLI: Aberration of mitosis by hexavalent chromium in some Fabaceae members is mediated by species-specific microtubule disruption

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Eleftheriou, Eleftherios P. Michalopoulou, Vasiliki A. Adamakis, Ioannis Dimosthenis S.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Because the detrimental effects of chromium (Cr) to higher plants have been poorly investigated, the present study was undertaken to verify the toxic attributes of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] to plant mitotic microtubules (MTs), to determine any differential disruption of MTs during mitosis of taxonomically related species and to clarify the relationship between the visualized chromosomal aberrations and the Cr(VI)-induced MT disturbance. For this purpose, 5-day-old uniform seedlings of Vicia faba, Pisum sativum, Vigna sinensis and Vigna angularis, all belonging to the Fabaceae family, were exposed to 250 μM Cr(VI) supplied as potassium dichromate (K$_{2}$Cr$_{2}$O$_{7}$) for 24, 72 and 120 h and others in distilled water serving as controls. Root tip samples were processed for tubulin immunolabelling (for MT visualization) and DNA fluorescent staining (for chromosomal visualization). Microscopic preparations of cell squashes were then examined and photographed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Cr(VI) halted seedling growth turning roots brown and necrotic. Severe chromosomal abnormalities and differential disturbance of the corresponding MT arrays were found in all mitotic phases. In particular, in V. faba MTs were primarily depolymerized and replaced by atypical tubulin conformations, whereas in P. sativum, V. sinensis and V. angularis they became bundled in a time-dependent manner. In P. sativum, the effects were milder compared to those of the other species, but in all cases MT disturbance adversely affected the proper aggregation of chromosomes on the metaphase plate, their segregation at anaphase and organization of the new nuclei at telophase. Cr(VI) is very toxic to seedling growth. The particular effect depends on the exact stage the cell is found at the time of Cr(VI) entrance and is species-specific. Mitotic MT arrays are differentially deranged by Cr(VI) in the different species examined, even if they are taxonomically related, while their disturbance underlies chromosomal abnormalities. Results furthermore support the view that MTs may constitute a reliable, sensitive and universal subcellular marker for monitoring heavy metal toxicity.
Starting Page	7590
Ending Page	7599
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	22
Issue Number	10
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-01-25
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Chromosomal aberration Fabaceae Hexavalent chromium Mitotic microtubule arrays disruption Species-specific toxicity Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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