NDLI: Urban and rural habitats differ in number and type of bird feeders and in bird species consuming supplementary food

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tryjawski, Piotr Skórka, Piotr Sparks, Tim H. Biaduń, Waldemar Brauze, Tomasz Hetmański, Tomasz Martyka, Rafał Indykiewicz, Piotr Myczko, Łukasz Kunysz, Przemysław Kawa, Piotr Czyż, Stanisław Czechowski, Paweł Polakowski, Michał Zduniak, Piotr Jerzak, Leszek Janiszewski, Tomasz Goławski, Artur Duduś, Leszek wakowski, Jacek J. Wuczyński, Andrzej Wysocki, Dariusz
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Bird feeding is one of the most widespread direct interactions between man and nature, and this has important social and environmental consequences. However, this activity can differ between rural and urban habitats, due to inter alia habitat structure, human behaviour and the composition of wintering bird communities. We counted birds in 156 squares (0.25 km$^{2}$ each) in December 2012 and again in January 2013 in locations in and around 26 towns and cities across Poland (in each urban area, we surveyed 3 squares and also 3 squares in nearby rural areas). At each count, we noted the number of bird feeders, the number of bird feeders with food, the type of feeders, additional food supplies potentially available for birds (bread offered by people, bins) and finally the birds themselves. In winter, urban and rural areas differ in the availability of food offered intentionally and unintentionally to birds by humans. Both types of food availability are higher in urban areas. Our findings suggest that different types of bird feeder support only those species specialized for that particular food type and this relationship is similar in urban and rural areas.
Starting Page	15097
Ending Page	15103
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	22
Issue Number	19
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-05-24
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Human-wildlife interaction Human support Supplemental food Urbanization Wintering Urban ecosystems Central Europe Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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