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Purinergic Signalling : Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2004

Responses of the ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium to external ATP and GTP

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hennessey, Todd M.
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	The unicellular ciliates Paramecium and Tetrahymena are the simplest eukaryotic cells to show reliable depolarizing responses to micromolar concentrations of external ATP and GTP. Their simplicity allows for combined analysis of swimming behavior, electrophysiology, receptor binding, behavioral mutant and drug screens as well as molecular genetic approaches such as RNAi and gene knockouts experiments. ATP and GTP are depolarizing chemorepellents in both ciliates, producing measurable receptor potentials and Ca$^{2+}$-based action potentials that are correlated with jerking behaviors called avoiding reactions (AR). GTP also causes repetitive continuous ciliary reversals (CCR) and oscillating plateau depolarizations in Paramecium. Both ciliates show high affinity, saturable external binding of $^{32}$P-GTP and $^{32}$P-ATP but GTP does not compete for ATP binding and vice versa. Chemosensory adaptation occurs after continued exposure (15 min) to these ligands, producing a loss of external binding and forward swimming. However, cells adapted to ATP still bind and respond to GTP and GTP-adapted cells still bind and respond to ATP. This, combined with pharmacological analyses, suggests that there are two separate receptor systems: A metabotropic ATP receptor pathway and a different, novel GTP receptor pathway. A Paramecium mutant (ginA) lacks the GTP-induced oscillating depolarizations but does show AR in GTP, unveiling isolated GTP-receptor potentials for study. An ecto-ATPase is also present that may be involved in inactivation of ATP and GTP signals. Gene knockout experiments are currently underway to determine the roles of the ecto-ATPase and a putative 7-transmembrane spanning receptor in these responses.
Starting Page	101
Ending Page	110
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15739538
Journal	Purinergic Signalling
Volume Number	1
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15739546
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2005-03-17
Publisher Institution	International Purine Club
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	adaptation ATP binding ecto-ATPase electrophysiology GTP mutants Paramecium Tetrahymena Biomedicine general Pharmacology/Toxicology Human Physiology Neurosciences Cancer Research
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Molecular Biology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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