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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Burnstock, Geoffrey Dale, Nicholas |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | Extracellular purines and pyrimidines play major roles during embryogenesis, organogenesis, postnatal development and ageing in vertebrates, including humans. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into three primary germ layers of the embryo but may also be involved in plasticity and repair of the adult brain. These cells express the molecular components necessary for purinergic signalling, and their developmental fates can be manipulated via this signalling pathway. Functional P1, P2Y and P2X receptor subtypes and ectonucleotidases are involved in the development of different organ systems, including heart, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, urinary bladder, central and peripheral neurons, retina, inner ear, gut, lung and vas deferens. The importance of purinergic signalling in the ageing process is suggested by changes in expression of A$_{1}$ and A$_{2}$ receptors in old rat brains and reduction of P2X receptor expression in ageing mouse brain. By contrast, in the periphery, increases in expression of P2X3 and P2X4 receptors are seen in bladder and pancreas. |
| Starting Page | 277 |
| Ending Page | 305 |
| Page Count | 29 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 15739538 |
| Journal | Purinergic Signalling |
| Volume Number | 11 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 15739546 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| Publisher Date | 2015-05-20 |
| Publisher Institution | International Purine Club |
| Publisher Place | Dordrecht |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Stem cells Zebrafish Heart Bladder Retina Cochlea Lung Skeletal muscle ATP Adenosine Biomedicine general Pharmacology/Toxicology Human Physiology Neurosciences Cancer Research |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Molecular Biology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
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