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Resting orientation enhances prey survival on strongly structured background

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wang, Zhen Schaefer, H. Martin
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Prey can use various camouflage types as defense against predators. One of the most common and important types is background matching, which occurs if an animal matches the background in color, brightness, and pattern. Although background matching has been studied intensively, the effects of the resting orientation of prey on the effectiveness of camouflage through background matching are not well known in natural conditions. Several past experimental studies have been conducted on resting orientation in the lab often using the visual system of humans. Their results revealed that the detection rates of predators hinge on the combination of the resting orientation of artificial moths and their background. Here, we studied whether survival rates of artificial moth-like models depend on their resting orientation in the wild where the visual conditions and detection distances vary. We used a 2 × 2 design of two resting positions of a horizontally and a vertically striped morph on tree bark. Our results show that the survival probability of moths depended mainly on the orientation of stripes relative to the vertical structure of tree bark. Thus, resting orientation relative to background affected survival. After reanalyzing Endler’s (Biol J Linn Soc 22:187–231, 1984) data on resting habitats of 317 species of North American moths, we found that horizontally striped moths occurred frequently on small herbs and tree bark. We suggest that it would be beneficial for striped moths to orient non-randomly on strongly structured background, like furrows of tree bark. We further suggest that background matching was more important than coincident disruptive coloration in determining the survival rates of our artificial moths.
Starting Page	107
Ending Page	113
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09123814
Journal	Ecological Research
Volume Number	27
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14401703
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Japan
Publisher Date	2011-08-21
Publisher Place	Japan
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Crypsis Moth Camouflage Predation Coincident disruptive coloration Ecology Zoology Forestry Plant Sciences Evolutionary Biology Behavioural Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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