NDLI: Lead Concentrations, Isotope Ratios, and Source Apportionment in Road Deposited Sediments, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sutherland, R. A. Day, J. P. Bussen, J. O.
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Anthropogenic contributions of lead to the urban environment havebeen dominated by combustion of leaded gasoline. A number of studies have used lead concentrations in road deposited sediments(RDSs) to infer automobile contributions. However, few studies have combined concentration data, enrichment ratios, and lead isotope ratio data into a comprehensive picture of lead contamination of road sediments. An urban, non-industrialized basin, in Oahu, Hawaii, was selected for investigation. Twenty RDSsamples were collected throughout the 11 km$^{2}$ system, with anundisturbed soil profile sampled to a depth of 30 cm to documentbackground lead levels.Median lead concentrations from a weak (cold) HCl digestion and a hot nitric acid digestion were 3 and 7 mg kg$^{-1}$ for thebackground soil, and 256 and 303 mg kg$^{-1}$ for RDSs. The median Pb enrichment ratio (HCl digestion) for RDSs was 129, witha range from 24 to 883. All the data collected point to a highlycontaminated environment.Lead isotope ratios from potential sources were examined relativeto those observed for RDSs in the system. Host geological rocks,paint, and long-range aerosol transport were ruled-out as significant sources based on an examination of isotope ratios andpotential loadings to road sediments. Leaded gasoline wasidentified as the major contributor to present-day road sedimentsbased on their radiogenic nature, with mean $^{206}$Pb/$^{204}$Pb = 18.787 ± 0.096 (95% confidence interval), $^{207}$Pb/$^{204}$Pb = 15.847± 0.074, $^{208}$Pb/$^{204}$Pb= 38.836 ± 0.221, and $^{206}$Pb/$^{207}$Pb = 1.184 ± 0.009. The contribution of gasoline additives to RDS for two periods, pre-1968 and post-1968, were estimated using $^{206}$Pb/$^{207}$Pb ratios. The average contribution of post-1968 lead to RDSs was 59%, with a range from 32 to 81%. To explain the mixed age of lead in the RDSs, we suggest that erosional processes have mobilized sediment from roadside reservoirs in the basin that have accumulated automobile emissions primarily since the 1930s. The significant shift in useof radiogenic (J-type) ores, mostly from Missouri, USA, have allowed us to fingerprint and apportion lead in RDSs of thissystem.
Starting Page	165
Ending Page	186
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00496979
Journal	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Volume Number	142
Issue Number	1-4
e-ISSN	15732932
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2003-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hydrogeology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecological Modeling Environmental Chemistry Pollution Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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