NDLI: First Report of Microcystins and Anatoxin-a Co-occurrence in San Roque Reservoir (Córdoba, Argentina)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ruiz, Marcia Galanti, Lucas Ruibal, Ana Laura Rodriguez, María Ines Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto Amé, María Valeria
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, microcystin-YR, and the neurotoxin anatoxin-a in water samples collected monthly during 1 year in San Roque reservoir (Córdoba, Argentina) to identify the environmental factors that could promote the presence of these cyanotoxins. The HPLC-UV and MS/MS analysis showed the presence of microcystin in most of the sampling times, even when Cyanobacteria were subdominant. Microcystin concentrations varied from not detectable levels to 119.0 μg L$^{−1}$. Thus, they frequently surpassed the guidelines suggested by WHO for drinking water (1 μg L$^{−1}$) and recreational exposure (20 μg L$^{−1}$). To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report of anatoxin-a in freshwaters in South America. Anatoxin-a concentrations varied from not detectable levels to 6.6 ng L$^{−1}$, a thousand times below the provisional guideline adopted by New Zealand for drinking water. Microcystin showed significant correlation with Microcystis and Pseudoanabaena while anatoxin-a correlated with Oscillatoria and Anabaena counts. Linear discriminant analysis showed that higher pH levels and more variable chlorophyll-a concentrations were measured in San Roque reservoir when cyanotoxins were present. Lower inorganic nitrogen concentrations were observed in autumn, when the prevalence of Anabaena became significant in Cyanobacteria composition and highest anatoxin-a levels were measured. The observed dynamic of phytoplankton going together with the cyanotoxins occurrence could be explained by the hypothesis of cyanotoxins acting as allelopathic compounds. The microcystin levels measured plus the presence of anatoxin-a show the need of stronger management efforts to preserve human and wildlife health.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	17
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00496979
Journal	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Volume Number	224
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15732932
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-05-18
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cyanotoxins HPLC-MS/MS Neurotoxins Hepatotoxins Environmental factors Environment Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Soil Science & Conservation Hydrogeology Climate Change
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecological Modeling Environmental Chemistry Pollution Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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