NDLI: Spatial and Short-Temporal Variability of δ$^{13}$C and δ$^{15}$N and Water-Use Efficiency in Pine Needles of the Three Forests Along the Most Industrialized Part of Poland

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sensuła, Barbara M.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	In this study, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the samples of pine needles collected in 2013 and 2014 from heavily urbanized area in close proximity to point-source pollution emitters, such as a heat and power plant, nitrogen plant, and steelworks in Silesia (Poland), were analyzed as bio-indicators of contemporary environmental changes. The carbon isotope discrimination has been proposed as a method for evaluating water-use efficiency. The measurement of carbon and nitrogen isotopes was carried out using the continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The isotope ratio mass spectrometer allows the precise measurement of mixtures of naturally occurring isotopes. The δ$^{15}$N values were calibrated relative to the NO-3 and USGS34 international standards, whereas the δ$^{13}$C values were calibrated relative to the C-3 and C-5 international standards. The strong year-to-year correlations between the δ$^{13}$C in different sampling sites, and also the inter-annual correlation of δ$^{15}$N values in the pine needles at each of the investigated sampling sites confirm that the measured δ$^{13}$C and δ$^{15}$N and also intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) trends are representative of the sampling site. Diffuse air pollution caused the variation in δ $^{13}$C, δ$^{15}$N, and iWUE dependent on type of emitter, the localization in the space (distance and direction) from factories and some local effect of other human activities. The complex short-term variation analysis can be helpful to distinguish isotopic fractionation, which is not an effect explainable by climatic conditions but by the anthropogenic effect. Between 2012 and 2014, an increase in iWUE is observed at leaf level.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00496979
Journal	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Volume Number	226
Issue Number	11
e-ISSN	15732932
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2015-10-05
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Stables isotopes Carbon Nitrogen WUE Atmospheric pollution Pine needles Environment Water Quality/Water Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Soil Science & Conservation Hydrogeology Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecological Modeling Environmental Chemistry Pollution Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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