NDLI: Gravel Sludge as an Immobilizing Agent in Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals; A Field Study

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Krebs, R. Gupta, S. K. Furrer, G. Schulin, R.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	Field plot studies were conducted on sandy loam soils in Dottikon, Rafz and Giornico contaminated by Zn, Cu and Cd to investigate the effectiveness of gravel sludge as an in situ immobilization additive. In addition to NaNO$_{3}$-extractable heavy metal concentrations in the soil, metal concentrations in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were analyzed at two application doses of gravel sludge. Application of gravel sludge increased pH in all three topsoils by up to 0.6 units and reduced NaNO$_{3}$-extractable Zn concentrations by more than 65%. No effect was seen for the NaNO$_{3}$-extractable Cu concentrations in Rafz and even an increase resulted in Giornico. In Dottikon, gravel sludge additions decreased the NaNO$_{3}$-extractable Cu concentrations from 0.97 to 0.7 mg kg$^{−1}$ and reduced the concentrations of Zn and Cu by more than 35% in ryegrass. For lettuce grown in Giornico and Dottikon, we found reductions of Zn and Cd concentrations by 22 to 48%, whereas in Rafz, no significant variations were found. Immobilization by gravel sludge was most efficient in soils with high total/NaNO$_{3}$-extractable heavy metal ratio and more effective for ryegrass than for lettuce. Part of the immobilization effect was due to a pH increase, caused by CaCO$_{3}$ in gravel sludge.
Starting Page	465
Ending Page	479
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00496979
Journal	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Volume Number	115
Issue Number	1-4
e-ISSN	15732932
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hydrogeology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecological Modeling Environmental Chemistry Pollution Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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