NDLI: The Critical Levels of Atmospheric Ammonia in a Mediterranean Holm-Oak Forest in North-Eastern Spain

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Aguillaume, Laura Avila, Anna Pinho, Pedro Matos, Paula Llop, Esteve Branquinho, Cristina
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Despite recent regulations, atmospheric ammonia (NH$_{3}$) emissions have not changed much over the last decades and excessive nitrogen remains as one of the major drivers for biodiversity changes. To prevent deleterious effects on species and ecosystems, it is very important to establish safety thresholds, such as those defined by the Critical Level (CLE) concept, “the concentration above which direct adverse effects on receptors may occur, based on present knowledge.” Empirical critical levels of atmospheric NH$_{3}$ have mainly been reported for temperate forests and there is a lack of information for Mediterranean forests. Here, we provide a case study on NH$_{3}$ CLEs for a typical Mediterranean ecosystem, the holm-oak (Quercus ilex) forest. To derive the CLE value, we measured NH$_{3}$ concentrations for 1 year at a distance gradient in the forest surrounding a point source (cattle farm) and used diversity changes of lichen functional groups to indicate the onset of adverse effects. We estimate a NH$_{3}$ CLE threshold of 2.6 μg m$^{−3}$, a value that is higher than that reported in other Mediterranean ecosystems and suggests that the site has been already impacted by NH$_{3}$ pollution in the past. In a more general context, this study confirms the validity of lichen functional groups to derive CLEs in Mediterranean forests and woodlands and contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the impacts of NH$_{3}$ on ecosystems.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00496979
Journal	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Volume Number	228
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15732932
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2017-02-10
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Critical levels Ammonia Ecological indicators Lichen functional groups Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest N pollution Environment Water Quality/Water Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Soil Science & Conservation Hydrogeology Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecological Modeling Environmental Chemistry Pollution Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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