NDLI: Are Indicators for Critical Load Exceedance Related to Forest Condition?

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hansen, Karin Vesterdal, Lars Bastrup Birk, Annemarie Bille Hansen, Jørgen
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the (Ca + Mg + K)/Al and the Ca/Al ratios in soil solution as chemical criteria for forest condition in critical load calculations for forest ecosystems. The tree species Norway spruce, Sitka spruce and beech were studied in an area with high deposition of sea salt and nitrogen in the south-western part of Jutland, Denmark. Throughfall and soil water were collected monthly and analysed for pH, NO$_{3}$-N, NH$_{4}$-N, K, Ca, Mg, DOC and Al$_{tot}$. Organic Al was estimated using DOC concentrations. Increment and defoliation were determined annually, and foliar element concentrations were determined every other year. The throughfall deposition was highest in the Sitka spruce stand (maximum of 40 kg N ha$^{−1}$yr$^{−1}$) and lowest in the beech stand (maximum of 11 kg N ha$^{−1}$yr$^{−1}$). The Sitka spruce stand leached on average 12 kg N ha$^{−1}$yr$^{−1}$ during the period 1988–1997 and leaching increased throughout the period. Only small amounts of N were leached from the Norway spruce stand whereas almost no N was leached from the beech stand. For all tree species, both (Ca + Mg + K)/Al and Ca/Al ratios decreased in soil solution at 90 cm depth between 1989 and 1999, which was mainly caused by a decrease in concentrations of base cations. The toxic inorganic Al species were by far the most abundant Al species at 90 cm depth. At the end of the measurement period, the (Ca + Mg + K)/Al ratio was approximately 1 for all species while the Ca/Al ratio was approximately 0.2. The lack of a trend in the increment rates, a decrease in defoliation as well as sufficient levels of Mg and Ca in foliage suggested an unchanged or even slightly improved health condition, despite the decreasing and very low (Ca + Mg + K)/Al and Ca/Al ratios. The suitability of these soil solution element ratios is questioned as the chemical criteria for soil acidification under field conditions in areas with elevated deposition rates of sea salts, in particular Mg.
Starting Page	293
Ending Page	308
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00496979
Journal	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Volume Number	183
Issue Number	1-4
e-ISSN	15732932
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2007-03-13
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Acidification Base cations (Ca + Mg + K)/Al ratio Ca/Al ratio Critical load Defoliation Forest vitality and health N deposition N leaching N saturation Tree species Foliar concentrations Hydrogeology Terrestrial Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Environment
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecological Modeling Environmental Chemistry Pollution Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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