NDLI: Long-term Continuous Measurements of SO$_{2}$ Dry Deposition over the Speulder Forest

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Erisman, J. W. Hogenkamp, J. E. M. van Putten, E. M. Uiterwijk, J. W. Kemkers, E. Wiese, C. J. Mennen, M. G.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	In 1990 a project to develop a dry deposition monitoring method of SO$_{2}$, NH$_{3}$ and NO$_{2}$ to Speulder forest in the Netherlands began. Detailed annual deposition fluxes for these gases were measured throughout November 1992 to December 1995. This paper describes the measurement set-up and the analysis of the deposition parameters for SO$_{2}$. The dry deposition velocity was usually smaller than the maximum V$_{d}$, showing a resistance to surface uptake, except for periods when the canopy is wet and surface resistance is negligible. Several methods were tested to estimate annual average fluxes from the gradient measurements. Annual fluxes were estimated by selecting the data for periods fulfilling gradient theory and extending the data by using an inferential method for the other periods. The surface resistance parametrisation used in the inferential method was tested using the selected data and was found to yield systematic larger fluxes of the order of 20%. Annual fluxes were 465 mol ha$^{-1}$ a$^{-1}$ in 1992/1993, 460 mol ha$^{-1}$ a$^{-1}$ in 1994 and 330 mol ha$^{-1}$ a$^{-1}$ in 1995. The uncertainty in the annual flux was estimated to be 25%. The annual average dry deposition velocity was 1.5 cm s$^{-1}$. No large differences were found in deposition parameters between each of the three years.
Starting Page	237
Ending Page	262
Page Count	26
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00496979
Journal	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Volume Number	109
Issue Number	1-4
e-ISSN	15732932
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hydrogeology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecological Modeling Environmental Chemistry Pollution Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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