NDLI: Applying Minimum Night Flow to Estimate Water Loss Using Statistical Modeling: A Case Study in Kinta Valley, Malaysia

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Alkasseh, Jaber M. A. Adlan, Mohd rdin Abustan, Ismail Aziz, Hamidi Abdul Hanif, Abu Bakar Mohamad
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Minimum night flow (MNF) is a common method used to evaluate water loss in a water network. In 2010, the average percentage of non-revenue water for the state of Perak in Malaysia was 29.4 %, a figure which resulted in major financial, supply, and pressure losses, as well as excessive energy consumption. In this study, a statistical analysis of the water distribution network and a modeling of MNF were carried out to estimate water loss in Kinta Valley, Perak. Flow and pressure for 361 zones were monitored for 24 h using PrimeWorks software (version: 1.5.57.0). Thirty study zones were randomly selected from 361 zones. MNF was screened within the time band of 1:00 am to 5:00 am. A total of 20 factors for physical, hydraulic, and operational variables were selected and correlated with MNF (L/s). Multiple linear regression was used as a statistical technique to determine factors that contributed to MNF (L/s). Consequently, pipe length (m) and pipe age (year) were the main contributors to MNF (L/s). The statistical model was finalized with R-Sq 0.706 and then improved to R-Sq 0.779. Results of the study revealed that 84.9 % of MNF frequencies for the 30 study areas were found at the time band 2:15 am to 4:15 am; therefore, the mean MNF for each zone in 2010 was determined to be between 1:00 am and 5:00 am. Statistical analyses showed that number of connections, total length of pipe, weighted mean of age of pipe, and type of pipe (100 mm asbestos cement) contributed to MNF. Moreover, approximately 97.5 % of registered repairs were conducted on pipes with small diameters of less than or equal to 50 mm. Pipes within this size range are usually used as service pipes and service connections.
Starting Page	1439
Ending Page	1455
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09204741
Journal	Water Resources Management
Volume Number	27
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15731650
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-01-10
Publisher Institution	European Water Resources Association (EWRA)
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Minimum night flow Multiple linear regression PrimeWorks Water distribution system Non-revenue water Hydrogeology Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Meteorology/Climatology Civil Engineering Environment
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering

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