NDLI: Groundwater Use for Irrigation and its Productivity: Status and Opportunities for Crop Intensification for Food Security in Bangladesh

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ahmad, Mobin ud Din Kirby, Mac Islam, Mohammad Shahidul Hossain, Md. Jakir Islam, Md. Masbahul
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Bangladesh has a large and growing population that will demand more food and place greater pressure on resources. Dry season irrigated Boro rice production is important for national food security. Dry season irrigation mainly uses groundwater, but the extent of its use is not well known. We assessed groundwater use and water productivity of Boro in the northwest region of Bangladesh using remote sensing based energy balance modelling, crop classification and secondary statistics. The energy balance modelling shows a large spatial variation in the actual evapotranspiration (ET$_{a}$) from about 325 to 470 mm, with an overall spatial average of 365 mm during dry season. The estimated values of ET$_{a}$ correspond well with independent values from field and regional scale soil and water balance modelling results. From spatial estimates of ET$_{a}$ and effective rainfall, we computed regional net groundwater use for Boro production in 2009 as 2.4 km$^{3}$. Groundwater is being used unsustainably in some areas, and a spatial time series (1990 to 2010) of pre- and post-monsoon groundwater depth changes in the northwest region of Bangladesh suggests that, with the current level of groundwater use, falling groundwater levels may pose a long term threat to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in much of the region. Boro water productivity varies from 0.95 to 1.35 kg/m$^{3}$, allowing the identification of high performing “bright” and low performing “hot” spots and the development of strategies to reduce crop yield/productivity gaps and ensure future food security.
Starting Page	1415
Ending Page	1429
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09204741
Journal	Water Resources Management
Volume Number	28
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15731650
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2014-03-06
Publisher Institution	European Water Resources Association (EWRA)
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Food security Yield gap Groundwater Irrigation Water productivity Remote sensing Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Atmospheric Sciences Civil Engineering Environment
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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