NDLI: Uncertainty of the Agricultural Grey Water Footprint Based on High Resolution Primary Data

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Gil, Rodrigo Bojacá, Carlos Ricardo Schrevens, Eddie
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	The water footprint has been established as an indicator to assess water use by a product. However, the grey component of the water footprint (GWF) has received the least focus compared to the green and blue components. In developing countries, the GWF estimation is restricted by the availability of data concerning crop practices. The various biophysical and socioeconomic settings configure a system difficult to standardize even for small areas. The objective of this study was to assess the GWF uncertainty due to primary data for the main greenhouse tomato production from Colombia. The GWF for N and P fertilizers and pesticides were estimated based on detailed crop information collected from 2010 to 2013. The uncertainty was evaluated by fitting univariate theoretical distributions to the empirical distributions of the pollutants’ GWFs. Growers applied on average 419.2 and 201.9 kg ha$^{−1}$ of N and P fertilizers per cycle, respectively. The average rates of application for fungicides and insecticides were 11.8 and 3.5 kg ha$^{−1}$, respectively. The average GWF for N and P fertilizers and pesticides were 79, 6182.1 and 223.2 m$^{3}$ t$^{−1}$, respectively. The empirical distributions of the GWF for N fertilizer and pesticides were fitted to a lognormal distribution while for P fertilizer the Weibull distribution showed the best fit. The pesticides GWF showed the highest coefficient of variation (615.3%), however the results for N and P fertilizers were also high with values of 79.8 and 74.1%, respectively. Additional to the methodological choices involved in the GWF estimation, the primary data is a relevant uncertainty source, which should be considered for systems operating under unstandardized practices. The decision making process to regulate the pollutants losses from the agroecosystem, based on environmental assessments such as the GWF, should consider all sources of uncertainty and address its implications in a quantitatively form.
Starting Page	3389
Ending Page	3400
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09204741
Journal	Water Resources Management
Volume Number	31
Issue Number	11
e-ISSN	15731650
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2017-05-11
Publisher Institution	European Water Resources Association (EWRA)
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Farming systems Environmental indicators Greenhouse production Polluted water Smallholder agriculture Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Atmospheric Sciences Civil Engineering Environment
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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