NDLI: Gaze Estimation in the 3D Space Using RGB-D Sensors : Towards Head-Pose and User Invariance

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Funes Mora, Kenneth A. Odobez, Jean Marc
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	We address the problem of 3D gaze estimation within a 3D environment from remote sensors, which is highly valuable for applications in human–human and human–robot interactions. To the contrary of most previous works, which are limited to screen gazing applications, we propose to leverage the depth data of RGB-D cameras to perform an accurate head pose tracking, acquire head pose invariance through a 3D rectification process that renders head pose dependent eye images into a canonical viewpoint, and computes the line-of-sight in the 3D space. To address the low resolution issue of the eye image resulting from the use of remote sensors, we rely on the appearance based gaze estimation paradigm, which has demonstrated robustness against this factor. In this context, we do a comparative study of recent appearance based strategies within our framework, study the generalization of these methods to unseen individual, and propose a cross-user eye image alignment technique relying on the direct registration of gaze-synchronized eye images. We demonstrate the validity of our approach through extensive gaze estimation experiments on a public dataset as well as a gaze coding task applied to natural job interviews.
Starting Page	194
Ending Page	216
Page Count	23
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09205691
Journal	International Journal of Computer Vision
Volume Number	118
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15731405
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-11-13
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Gaze estimation Appearance based methods RGB-D cameras Head-pose invariance Person invariance Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) Image Processing and Computer Vision Pattern Recognition
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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