NDLI: The r131 Gene of Rat Cytomegalovirus Encodes a Proinflammatory CC Chemokine Homolog which is Essential for the Production of Infectious Virus in the Salivary Glands

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kaptein, Suzanne J.F. van Cleef, Koen W.R. Gruijthuijsen, Yvonne K. Beuken, Erik V.H. van Buggenhout, Lieve Beisser, Patrick S. Stassen, Frank R.M. Bruggeman, Cathrien A. Vink, Cornelis
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	Rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) possesses two adjacent genes, r131 and r129, which have the potential to encode CC chemokine homologs. Interestingly, the amino acid sequences encoded by both genes show similarity to the sequence of the murine CMV (MCMV) MCK-2 protein, which is encoded by the m131/129 gene. In order to study the significance of the r131 gene in the pathogenesis of RCMV infection, we generated two different virus strains in which the r131 open reading frame is disrupted. Replication of these null mutant strains, designated RCMVΔr131a and RCMVΔr131b, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Both strains were found to replicate with a similar efficiency as wild-type (WT) RCMV in vitro. However, in contrast to WT virus, neither RCMVΔr131a nor RCMVΔr131b established a high-titer infection in the salivary glands of immunocompromised rats. Furthermore, in a local, rat footpad infection model, both recombinant viruses induced a significantly lower amount of paw swelling than did WT RCMV. Also, a higher number of infiltrating macrophages was observed in paws infected with WT RCMV than in those infected with the recombinants. Taken together, these results suggest that r131 (i) promotes inflammation at initial sites of inoculation and, subsequently, efficient virus dissemination to or infection of the salivary glands and (ii) might be involved in the persistence of virus infection, at least in the spleen. In addition, our data indicate that r131 represents the functional homolog of the MCMV m131/129 gene.
Starting Page	43
Ending Page	61
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09208569
Journal	Virus Genes
Volume Number	29
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	1572994X
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2004-01-01
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Medical Microbiology Virology Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Genetics Medicine Molecular Biology

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