NDLI: What has been happening with viroids?

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Palukaitis, Peter
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Viroids are naked nucleic acids that do not code for any proteins and yet are able to be replicated, processed, moved cell-to-cell and systemically through their host plants, as well as resist plant defense response and be transmitted from plant to plant, without a protective coat. All of the information specifying these functions lies within their nucleotide sequence and the RNA structures they form. This review examines what information about these processes has been acquired since 2008. Sequences involved in viroid replication and movement within the plant have been identified, in particular for the nuclear-associated (Pospiviroidae) viroids, as have sequences of one chloroplast-associated viroid (Avsunviroidae) involved in chloroplast uptake. The enzymes involved in ligation of viroids of either of the above two types also have been identified. Viroid sequences that are involved in pathogenicity through the RNA silencing system and the target of their viroid-specific small RNAs also have been identified. Effects of viroid infection on plant gene expression have been assessed for several viroids, and further specific interactions between viroids and host proteins have been identified. The variation in sequence of natural or passaged populations of viroids in various host species has been examined, and the effects of the host have been evaluated. New approaches to obtaining resistance to viroid infection have been examined or implemented, as have combinations of approaches to control viroid infection, and to better understand how viroids are transmitted. Finally, new viroids have also been discovered and characterized.
Starting Page	175
Ending Page	184
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09208569
Journal	Virus Genes
Volume Number	49
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1572994X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-08-28
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Viroid replication Viroid movement Viroid pathogenicity Viroid transmission Viroid sequence variation Viroid resistance Medical Microbiology Virology Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Genetics Medicine Molecular Biology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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