NDLI: The causal response of avian communities to suburban development: a quasi-experimental, longitudinal study

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Marzluff, John M. Clucas, Barbara Oleyar, M. David DeLap, Jack
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Correlations between urbanization and biodiversity are well known, but the causes driving such associations are lacking. We used a long-term, quasi-experimental approach to study the responses of avian communities to suburban and exurban development around Seattle, WA, USA. We measured indices of bird abundance, reproduction, and survival for 12 years at many locations, including 5 forest ‘reserves,’ 10 existing ‘developments,’ and 11 ‘changing’ sites where ongoing development converted forests to single-family residential neighborhoods. In the first few years of clearing, building, and occupation of new neighborhoods by humans avian communities shifted from those typical of second-growth forest to those more characteristic of developments. During this time avian diversity increased and numerical dominance by abundant birds declined. Species that adapted and exploited development reproduced more successfully there than did forest-dependent species that avoided development. Adults of species that thrived in developments attained equal annual survival across reserved to developed landscapes, while species that avoided neighborhoods tended to survive poorly outside of reserves. The humans living in our study areas frequently fed birds and provided nest boxes. These actions were positively correlated with increases in secondary cavity nesting and seed eating birds. Humans also maintained outdoor cats and 11 % of humans both fed birds and let their cats outside. These actions were negatively correlated with the abundance of birds regularly using feeders. We suggest that a key management goal in urban ecosystems is the maintenance of avian diversity because a diverse avifauna engages a diversity of humans.
Starting Page	1597
Ending Page	1621
Page Count	25
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10838155
Journal	Urban Ecosystems
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15731642
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-07-04
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Urban Birds Diversity Survivorship Reproduction Nesting success Abundance Survey technique Seattle Urbanization gradient domestic cat bird feeder human action Urban Ecology Environmental Management Ecology Nature Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Urban Studies

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