NDLI: Mapping forest structure and uncertainty in an urban area using leaf-off lidar data

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Gu, Huan Townsend, Philip A.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Forests are important to nutrient cycling, hydrology, climate and aesthetics in urban ecosystems. Effective forest management in urban environments requires detailed data on the spatial distribution and structure of urban forests, but the lidar which are best for mapping the complexity of these forests are often unavailable or prohibitively expensive for municipalities. However, leaf-off small footprint lidar originally collected for topographic mapping are increasingly available, and will soon become accessible to forest managers in the U.S. through 3DEP (3D Elevation Program). In this paper, we demonstrated the opportunistic use of existing leaf-off lidar to map forest structure and associated uncertainties in Madison, Wisconsin and neighboring municipalities. Using empirical models, we were able to map five structural variables and aboveground biomass with accuracies comparable to or better than other studies using comparable data and with errors generally <20 % of the data range. Highest uncertainties in our forest structure maps occurred in residential neighborhoods and along forest edges. From the results, we present maps of forest structure and, to our knowledge, first of a kind pixel-wise uncertainty maps for an urban area. These maps provide the basis for a spatially comprehensive assessment of forest resources and are effective for urban inventory and change assessment. For example, the maps enabled comprehensive comparison of carbon storage by urban trees among cities, with a range in our study of 1.2 kg/m$^{2}$ to 5.6 kg/m$^{2}$, and with major variations due to differences in city development patterns and ages.
Starting Page	497
Ending Page	509
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10838155
Journal	Urban Ecosystems
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15731642
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-10-29
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Urban forests Forest structure Uncertainty Leaf-off lidar Carbon storage Urban Ecology Environmental Management Ecology Nature Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Urban Studies

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