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Productive failure in mathematical problem solving

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kapur, Manu
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	This paper reports on a quasi-experimental study comparing a “productive failure” instructional design (Kapur in Cognition and Instruction 26(3):379–424, 2008) with a traditional “lecture and practice” instructional design for a 2-week curricular unit on rate and speed. Seventy-five, 7th-grade mathematics students from a mainstream secondary school in Singapore participated in the study. Students experienced either a traditional lecture and practice teaching cycle or a productive failure cycle, where they solved complex problems in small groups without the provision of any support or scaffolds up until a consolidation lecture by their teacher during the last lesson for the unit. Findings suggest that students from the productive failure condition produced a diversity of linked problem representations and methods for solving the problems but were ultimately unsuccessful in their efforts, be it in groups or individually. Expectedly, they reported low confidence in their solutions. Despite seemingly failing in their collective and individual problem-solving efforts, students from the productive failure condition significantly outperformed their counterparts from the lecture and practice condition on both well-structured and higher-order application problems on the post-tests. After the post-test, they also demonstrated significantly better performance in using structured-response scaffolds to solve problems on relative speed—a higher-level concept not even covered during instruction. Findings and implications of productive failure for instructional design and future research are discussed.
Starting Page	523
Ending Page	550
Page Count	28
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00204277
Journal	Instructional Science
Volume Number	38
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15731952
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2009-04-16
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Ill-structured problems Failure in problem solving Persistence Classroom-based research Mathematical problem solving Pedagogic Psychology Educational Psychology Learning & Instruction
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Education Developmental and Educational Psychology

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