NDLI: Reconstruction of the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in rice endosperm reveals a metabolic bottleneck at the level of endogenous β-carotene hydroxylase activity

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Reconstruction of the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in rice endosperm reveals a metabolic bottleneck at the level of endogenous β-carotene hydroxylase activity

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Reconstruction of the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in rice endosperm reveals a metabolic bottleneck at the level of endogenous β-carotene hydroxylase activity

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Bai, Chao Berman, Judit Farre, Gemma Capell, Teresa Sandmann, Gerhard Christou, Paul Zhu, Changfu
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Astaxanthin is a high-value ketocarotenoid rarely found in plants. It is derived from β-carotene by the 3-hydroxylation and 4-ketolation of both ionone end groups, in reactions catalyzed by β-carotene hydroxylase and β-carotene ketolase, respectively. We investigated the feasibility of introducing an extended carotenoid biosynthesis pathway into rice endosperm to achieve the production of astaxanthin. This allowed us to identify potential metabolic bottlenecks that have thus far prevented the accumulation of this valuable compound in storage tissues such as cereal grains. Rice endosperm does not usually accumulate carotenoids because phytoene synthase, the enzyme responsible for the first committed step in the pathway, is not present in this tissue. We therefore expressed maize phytoene synthase 1 (ZmPSY1), Pantoea ananatis phytoene desaturase (PaCRTI) and a synthetic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii β-carotene ketolase (sCrBKT) in transgenic rice plants under the control of endosperm-specific promoters. The resulting grains predominantly accumulated the diketocarotenoids canthaxanthin, adonirubin and astaxanthin as well as low levels of monoketocarotenoids. The predominance of canthaxanthin and adonirubin indicated the presence of a hydroxylation bottleneck in the ketocarotenoid pathway. This final rate-limiting step must therefore be overcome to maximize the accumulation of astaxanthin, the end product of the pathway.
Starting Page	13
Ending Page	23
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09628819
Journal	Transgenic Research
Volume Number	26
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15739368
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2016-08-27
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Astaxanthin Ketocarotenoids Carotenoids β-carotene ketolase Multigene transformation Animal Genetics and Genomics Plant Genetics & Genomics Transgenics Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Molecular Medicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Animal Science and Zoology Biotechnology Agronomy and Crop Science

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Reconstruction of the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in rice endosperm reveals a metabolic bottleneck at the level of endogenous β-carotene hydroxylase activity