NDLI: Laboratory Flow Experiments for Visualizing Carbon Dioxide-Induced, Density-Driven Brine Convection

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kneafsey, Timothy J. Pruess, Karsten
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Injection of carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$) into saline aquifers confined by low- permeability cap rock will result in a layer of CO$_{2}$ overlying the brine. Dissolution of CO$_{2}$ into the brine increases the brine density, resulting in an unstable situation in which more-dense brine overlies less-dense brine. This gravitational instability could give rise to density-driven convection of the fluid, which is a favorable process of practical interest for CO$_{2}$ storage security because it accelerates the transfer of buoyant CO$_{2}$ into the aqueous phase, where it is no longer subject to an upward buoyant drive. Laboratory flow visualization tests in transparent Hele-Shaw cells have been performed to elucidate the processes and rates of this CO$_{2}$ solute-driven convection (CSC). Upon introduction of CO$_{2}$ into the system, a layer of CO$_{2}$-laden brine forms at the CO$_{2}$-water interface. Subsequently, small convective fingers form, which coalesce, broaden, and penetrate into the test cell. Images and time-series data of finger lengths and wavelengths are presented. Observed CO$_{2}$ uptake of the convection system indicates that the CO$_{2}$ dissolution rate is approximately constant for each test and is far greater than expected for a diffusion-only scenario. Numerical simulations of our system show good agreement with the experiments for onset time of convection and advancement of convective fingers. There are differences as well, the most prominent being the absence of cell-scale convection in the numerical simulations. This cell-scale convection observed in the experiments may be an artifact of a small temperature gradient induced by the cell illumination.
Starting Page	123
Ending Page	139
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01693913
Journal	Transport in Porous Media
Volume Number	82
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15731634
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2009-10-17
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Carbon sequestration Density-driven convection Induction time Classical Continuum Physics Hydrogeology Civil Engineering Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Geotechnical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Catalysis

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