NDLI: Characteristics of Salt-Precipitation and the Associated Pressure Build-Up during CO$

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kim, Kue Young Han, Weon Shik Oh, Junho Kim, Taehee Kim, Jeong Chan
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Mitigation and control of borehole pressure at the bottom of an injection well is directly related to the effective management of well injectivity during geologic carbon sequestration activity. Researchers have generally accepted the idea that high rates of CO$_{2}$ injection into low permeability strata results in increased bottom-hole pressure in a well. However, the results of this study suggested that this is not always the case, due to the occurrence of localized salt precipitation adjacent to the injection well. A series of numerical simulations indicated that in some cases, a low rate of CO$_{2}$ injection into high permeability formation induced greater pressure build-up. This occurred because of the different types of salt precipitation pattern controlled by buoyancy-driven CO$_{2}$ plume migration. The first type is non-localized salt precipitation, which is characterized by uniform salt precipitation within the dry-out zone. The second type, localized salt precipitation, is characterized by an abnormally high level of salt precipitation at the dry-out front. This localized salt precipitation acts as a barrier that hampers the propagation of both CO$_{2}$ and pressure to the far field as well as counter-flowing brine migration toward the injection well. These dynamic processes caused a drastic pressure build-up in the well, which decreased injectivity. By modeling a series of test cases, it was found that low-rate CO$_{2}$ injection into high permeability formation was likely to cause localized salt precipitation. Sensitivity studies revealed that brine salinity linearly affected the level of salt precipitation, and that vertical permeability enhanced the buoyancy effect which increased the growth of the salt barrier. The porosity also affected both the level of localized salt precipitation and dry-out zone extension depending on injection rates. High temperature injected CO$_{2}$ promoted the vertical movement of the CO$_{2}$ plume, which accelerated localized salt precipitation, but at the same time caused a decrease in the density of the injected CO$_{2}$. The combination of these two effects eventually decreased bottomhole pressure. Considering the injectivity degradation, a method is proposed for decreasing the pressure build-up and increasing injectivity by assigning a ‘skin zone’ that represents a local region with a transmissivity different from that of the surrounding aquifer.
Starting Page	397
Ending Page	418
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01693913
Journal	Transport in Porous Media
Volume Number	92
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15731634
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2011-11-23
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	CO$_{2}$ sequestration Injectivity Salt precipitation Skin zone Saline aquifers Hydrogeology Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Civil Engineering Classical Continuum Physics Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Catalysis

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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