NDLI: Effect of MgSO$_{4}$ and K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ on somatic embryo differentiation in Theobroma cacao L.

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Minyaka, Emile Niemenak, Nicolas Sangare, Abdourahamane Ndoumou Omokolo, Denis
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Somatic embryogenesis in cacao is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. Therefore, reformulation of culture media might be a breakthrough to improve its somatic embryogenesis. In cacao, acquisition of somatic embryogenesis competence involves three main stages: induction of primary callus, induction of secondary callus and embryo development. Screening for MgSO$_{4}$ and K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ concentrations for somatic embryo differentiation was conducted on three genotypes (Sca6, IMC67 and C151-61) at the three stages. The effect of these two salts in culture media appears to be most efficient at the embryo development stage. At this stage, high MgSO$_{4}$ (24 mM) and K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ (71.568 mM) in the culture media induced direct somatic embryos on staminodes and petals of the Sca6 and IMC67 genotypes. Media supplemented with 6.0 mM and 12.0 mM MgSO$_{4}$ enabled high responsive of explants and produced high proportion of embryos. The positive effect of MgSO$_{4}$ and K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ on the acquisition of embryogenesis competence was further tested on seven cacao genotypes reputed as non embryogenic: SNK12, ICS40, POR, IMC67, PA121, SNK64 and SNK10. All these genotypes were able to produce somatic embryos depending on the MgSO$_{4}$ concentration. Thus, our results showed that the recalcitrance of cacao to somatic embryo differentiation can be overcome by screening for the suitable MgSO$_{4}$ or K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ concentration. Studies of the influence of different K$^{+}$/Mg$^{2+}$ ratios (at normal sulphate concentration) on somatic embryo differentiation revealed that sulphate supply was the main factor promoting responsive explants and the proportion of embryos. Cysteine synthase isoforms showed patterns related to morphogenetic structures sustaining that sulphur supply and its assimilation improve somatic embryogenesis in cacao.
Starting Page	149
Ending Page	160
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01676857
Journal	Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)
Volume Number	94
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15735044
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2008-06-05
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cacao Competence Embryogenesis Genotypes Recalcitrance Sulphate supply Plant Pathology Plant Genetics & Genomics Plant Physiology Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Horticulture

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